дё–з•Ңеҗ„ең°зҡ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ
发布时间：2026-10-29 ｜ 浏览：1
з”Ё AR и§ӮиөҸжӮЁиә«иҫ№зҡ„еҗҚиғң еңЁеә”з”Ёдёӯжү“ејҖе®қз®ұ
Around Us дё“дёәжүӢжңәжү“йҖ вҖ”вҖ”е°ҶзӣёжңәеҜ№еҮҶиЎ—йҒ“пјҢеңЁеўһејәзҺ°е®һдёӯеҸ‘зҺ°жӮЁиә«иҫ№зҡ„еҗҚиғңе’Ңең°зӮ№гҖӮ Around Us дё“дёәжүӢжңәжү“йҖ вҖ”вҖ”еҪ“жӮЁиЎҢиө°гҖҒжҺўзҙўе№¶жү“еҚЎйҷ„иҝ‘ең°зӮ№ж—¶пјҢе®қз®ұе°ұдјҡи§Јй”ҒгҖӮ
32 дёӘеҫ…еҸ‘зҺ°зҡ„ең°зӮ№ вҖ” еҲ«й”ҷиҝҮжңҖеҗҺдёҖдёӘпјҒ
еҗүиҗЁеӨ§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”жҳҜ第еӣӣзҺӢжңқж—¶жңҹзәҰе…¬е…ғеүҚ2560е№ҙдёәжі•иҖҒиғЎеӨ«е»әйҖ зҡ„дёҖеә§е·ЁеӨ§йҷөеў“гҖӮиҝҷеә§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”дёҺеҹәжң¬ж–№дҪҚзІҫзЎ®еҜ№йҪҗпјҢ并зІҫзЎ®ж”ҫзҪ®дәҶзәҰ230дёҮеқ—зҹізҒ°еІ©еқ—пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠдәәе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„ж•°еӯҰе’Ңе·ҘзЁӢзҹҘиҜҶгҖӮе…¶еҺҹе§Ӣй«ҳеәҰдёә146зұіпјҢеңЁиҝ‘4000е№ҙй—ҙдёҖзӣҙжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖй«ҳзҡ„дәәйҖ е»әзӯ‘гҖӮеҗүиҗЁеӨ§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”дҪ“зҺ°дәҶ丧葬е»әзӯ‘еңЁеҸӨеҹғеҸҠе®—ж•ҷдҝЎд»°е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»Үдёӯзҡ„ж ёеҝғдҪңз”ЁгҖӮ.
еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎпјҢиӢұж је…°
е·ЁзҹійҳөжҳҜдҪҚдәҺиӢұж је…°еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎзҡ„дёҖеӨ„еҸІеүҚйҒ—иҝ№пјҢз”ұе·ЁеӨ§зҡ„иҗЁе°”жЈ®зҹіе’Ңиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„и“қзҹіжҺ’еҲ—жҲҗеңҶеҪўгҖӮиҜҘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Је’Ңйқ’й“ңж—¶д»ЈзӨҫдјҡе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰзҹҘиҜҶе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮе…¶е»әйҖ еҲҶеӨҡдёӘйҳ¶ж®өиҝӣиЎҢпјҢж—¶й—ҙеӨ§зәҰеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ3000е№ҙиҮіеүҚ1500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙгҖӮз»“жһ„еҢ…жӢ¬еӨ–еңҲзҡ„дёүзҹіеЎ”гҖҒеҶ…йғЁзҡ„马蹄еҪўжҺ’еҲ—пјҢд»ҘеҸҠе‘Ёеӣҙзҡ„жІҹжё е’Ңеңҹе ӨгҖӮе®ғдёҺеҶ¬иҮіе’ҢеӨҸиҮізҡ„зІҫзЎ®еҜ№йҪҗиЎЁжҳҺе…¶е…·жңүе®—ж•ҷе’Ңд»ӘејҸз”ЁйҖ”гҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁпјҲжңҖйҮҚиҫҫ25еҗЁпјүзҡ„зҹіеқ—иў«иҝңи·қзҰ»иҝҗиҫ“пјҢиҝҷжҳҫзӨәдәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…зҡ„з»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
з§ҳйІҒеә“ж–Ҝ科еӨ§еҢә
马дёҳжҜ”дёҳжҳҜдёҖеә§15дё–зәӘзҡ„еҚ°еҠ еҹҺеёӮпјҢдҪҚдәҺе®ү第ж–Ҝеұұи„үпјҢжө·жӢ”зәҰ2430зұігҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖз”ұеҚ°еҠ зҡҮеёқеё•жҹҘеә“зү№е…ӢдёӢд»Өе»әйҖ пјҢеҢ…еҗ«200еӨҡеә§зҹіз»“жһ„е»әзӯ‘пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬зҘһеәҷгҖҒдҪҸжүҖгҖҒжўҜз”°е’Ңдҫӣж°ҙзі»з»ҹгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҹҺеёӮеұ•зӨәдәҶж— йңҖзҒ°жөҶзҡ„зІҫеҜҶзҹіз ҢжҠҖжңҜе’ҢжўҜз”°еҶңдёҡжҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдёҖйҒ—еқҖжҸӯзӨәдәҶиҘҝзҸӯзүҷеҫҒжңҚеүҚеҚ°еҠ ж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„еҹҺеёӮ规еҲ’гҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’Ңе»әзӯ‘иғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
дёӯеӣҪпјҢиҘҝе®ү
иҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…еҗ«ж•°еҚғдёӘзңҹдәәеӨ§е°Ҹзҡ„йҷ¶дҝ‘пјҢд»ЈиЎЁз§Ұжңқзҡ„еЈ«е…өгҖҒ马еҢ№гҖҒжҲҳиҪҰе’Ңе®ҳе‘ҳгҖӮе…ө马дҝ‘е»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ221е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ210е№ҙпјҢз”ЁжқҘйҷӘдјҙз§Ұе§ӢзҡҮеңЁжқҘдё–гҖӮжҜҸдёӘйҷ¶дҝ‘йғҪжңүзӢ¬зү№зҡ„и„ёйғЁзү№еҫҒгҖҒеҸ‘еһӢе’ҢеҶӣиЎ”ж ҮиҜҶгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳзҺ°еңәи·Ёи¶ҠеӨҡдёӘеқ‘пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨд»ЈдёӯеӣҪй«ҳи¶…зҡ„е·Ҙиүәе’ҢеҶӣдәӢз»„з»ҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖдәҺ1974е№ҙиў«еҶңж°‘еҸ‘зҺ°пјҢ并继з»ӯжҸӯзӨәжңүе…іеҪ“ж—¶зҡ„дё§и‘¬д№ дҝ—е’ҢиүәжңҜжҠҖе·§зҡ„з»ҶиҠӮгҖӮ.
ж„ҸеӨ§еҲ©зҪ—马
иҝҷеә§еҸӨзҪ—马з«һжҠҖеңәе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғ70е№ҙиҮі80е№ҙй—ҙпјҢз”ұеј—жӢүз»ҙзҺӢжңқзҡ„зҡҮеёқ们дҝ®е»әпјҢеҸҜе®№зәізәҰ5дёҮеҗҚи§Ӯдј—гҖӮж–—е…Ҫеңәз”ЁдәҺдёҫеҠһи§’ж–—еЈ«жҜ”иөӣгҖҒзӢ©зҢҺйҮҺе…Ҫд»ҘеҸҠе…¬е…ұиЎЁжј”пјҢиҝҷдәӣжҙ»еҠЁжҳҜзҪ—马зӨҫдјҡе’Ңж”ҝжІ»зҡ„ж ёеҝғгҖӮе…¶жӨӯеңҶеҪўз»“жһ„жңүеӣӣеұӮжҘјй«ҳпјҢ并й…ҚжңүеӨҚжқӮзҡ„йҖҡйҒ“е’Ңең°дёӢжҲҝй—ҙпјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶзҪ—马еёқеӣҪеңЁз®ЎзҗҶеӨ§и§„жЁЎеЁұд№җжҙ»еҠЁж–№йқўжүҖе…·еӨҮзҡ„е…Ҳиҝӣе·ҘзЁӢжҠҖжңҜе’Ңз»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
зәҰж—ҰпјҢ马е®үзңҒ
дҪ©зү№жӢүжҳҜзәіе·ҙжі°дәәеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ4дё–зәӘдәҺзәҰж—ҰеҚ—йғЁз ӮеІ©жӮ¬еҙ–дёҠе»әйҖ зҡ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҸӨеҹҺдҪҚдәҺиҝһжҺҘйҳҝжӢүдјҜгҖҒеҹғеҸҠе’Ңең°дёӯжө·зҡ„е•Ҷйҳҹи·ҜзәҝдәӨжұҮеӨ„пјҢжӣҫжҳҜйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„иҙёжҳ“дёӯеҝғгҖӮе…¶дё»иҰҒе»әзӯ‘еҢ…жӢ¬еІ©зҹійӣ•еҲ»зҡ„е®қеә“гҖҒдҝ®йҒ“йҷўе’ҢзҪ—马时代зҡ„еңҶеҪўеү§еңәгҖӮеҹҺеёӮзҡ„дҫӣж°ҙзі»з»ҹз”ұж°ҙжё гҖҒи“„ж°ҙжұ е’Ңж°ҙеққз»„жҲҗпјҢдҪҝе…¶иғҪеӨҹеңЁе№Іж—ұзҺҜеўғдёӯз”ҹеӯҳгҖӮиҝҷеә§зәіе·ҙжі°йҰ–йғҪеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨд»Јж–ҮжҳҺе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е·ҘзЁӢе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮ.
йӣ…е…ёеҚ«еҹҺжҳҜдёҖеә§еҸӨиҖҒзҡ„еҹҺе ЎпјҢдҪҚдәҺеҹҺеёӮдёҠж–№зҡ„еІ©зҹіеұұдёҳдёҠгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…еҗ«дәҶе…¬е…ғеүҚ5дё–зәӘиҮі4дё–зәӘе»әйҖ зҡ„её•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷгҖҒеҺ„з‘һе…Ӣеҝ’зҝҒзҘһеәҷгҖҒйӣ…е…ёеЁңиғңеҲ©зҘһеәҷе’Ңеұұй—ЁгҖӮиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘еұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨе…ёеёҢи…Ҡзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’ҢиүәжңҜжҲҗе°ұпјҢ并用дәҺе®—ж•ҷе’Ңд»ӘејҸзӣ®зҡ„гҖӮеё•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷдҫӣеҘүеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңпјҢиҖҢеҺ„з‘һе…Ӣеҝ’зҝҒзҘһеәҷеҲҷдҫӣеҘүеӨҡдҪҚзҘһзҘҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖи§ҒиҜҒдәҶйӣ…е…ёеңЁеҸӨе…ёж—¶жңҹж”ҝжІ»е’Ңж–ҮеҢ–дёҠзҡ„йҮҚиҰҒең°дҪҚгҖӮ.
жҷәеҲ©пјҢеӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣ
еӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣзҹіеғҸжҳҜжӢүеё•еҠӘдјҠдәәеңЁе…¬е…ғ1250е№ҙиҮі1500е№ҙй—ҙеңЁеҒҸиҝңзҡ„еӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣдёҠйӣ•еҲ»зҡ„е·ЁеһӢзҹіеғҸгҖӮиҝҷдәӣиў«з§°дёәж‘©иүҫзҡ„зҹіеғҸз”ұзҒ«еұұеҮқзҒ°еІ©йӣ•еҲ»иҖҢжҲҗпјҢеҫҲеҸҜиғҪд»ЈиЎЁе·Іж•…зҡ„зҘ–е…ҲжҲ–й…Ӣй•ҝгҖӮзҹіеғҸй«ҳеәҰд»Һ4зұіеҲ°10зұідёҚзӯүпјҢйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁгҖӮе®ғ们被иҝҗйҖҒеҲ°еІӣдёҠеҗ„еӨ„пјҢ并被竖з«ӢеңЁз§°дёәйҳҝиғЎзҡ„зҹіеҸ°дёҠгҖӮж‘©иүҫеұ•зӨәдәҶеңЁжһҒеәҰең°зҗҶйҡ”зҰ»дёӯеҸ‘еұ•иө·жқҘзҡ„жіўеҲ©е°јиҘҝдәҡзӨҫдјҡзҡ„жҠҖжңҜиғҪеҠӣе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“ҘпјҢе°ӨеҚЎеқҰе·һ
иҝҷеә§еүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„еҹҺеёӮжҳҜе°ӨеҚЎеқҰеҚҠеІӣдёҠзҺӣйӣ…ж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„дё»иҰҒдёӯеҝғгҖӮеҘҮзҗҙдјҠеҜҹжӢҘжңүй«ҳ30зұізҡ„еә“еә“е°”еқҺйҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”пјҢе®ғжңүд№қдёӘе№іеҸ°е’ҢеӣӣдёӘжҘјжўҜпјҢжҜҸдёӘжҘјжўҜжңү91зә§еҸ°йҳ¶гҖӮиҜҘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬дёҖдёӘеӨ§зҗғеңәгҖҒжҲҳеЈ«зҘһеәҷгҖҒеҹғе°”еҚЎжӢү科尔еӨ©ж–ҮеҸ°пјҢд»ҘеҸҠз”ЁдәҺе®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸзҡ„еӨ©з„¶дә•вҖ”вҖ”еңЈдә•гҖӮиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘еұ•зӨәдәҶе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰе’Ңж•°еӯҰзҹҘиҜҶпјҢиһҚеҗҲдәҶзҺӣйӣ…е»әзӯ‘е…ғзҙ дёҺеўЁиҘҝе“ҘдёӯйғЁзҡ„еҪұе“ҚгҖӮ.
жҹ¬еҹ”еҜЁжҡ№зІ’
еҗҙе“ҘзӘҹжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еҜәеәҷзҫӨпјҢе»әдәҺ12дё–зәӘпјҢжңҖеҲқжҳҜеҚ°еәҰж•ҷеңЈең°пјҢеҗҺжқҘж”№дҪңдёәдҪӣж•ҷеңәжүҖгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҚ ең°зәҰ162е…¬йЎ·пјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶй«ҳжЈүеёқеӣҪй«ҳи¶…зҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜпјҢеҢ…жӢ¬зІҫз»Ҷзҡ„зҹіз ҢгҖҒж°ҙеҲ©зі»з»ҹе’ҢеӨ©ж–ҮеҜ№йҪҗгҖӮдә”еә§еЎ”иұЎеҫҒзқҖзҘһиҜқдёӯзҡ„йЎ»ејҘеұұпјҢе®Ҫйҳ”зҡ„еӣһе»ҠдёҠжңүжҸҸз»ҳе®—ж•ҷж•…дәӢе’ҢеҺҶеҸІдәӢ件зҡ„жө®йӣ•гҖӮ.
ж„ҸеӨ§еҲ©еқҺеё•е°јдәҡеӨ§еҢә
иҝҷеә§еҸӨеҹҺеӣ е…¬е…ғ79е№ҙз»ҙиӢҸеЁҒзҒ«еұұе–·еҸ‘иҖҢиў«зҒ«еұұзҒ°жҺ©еҹӢпјҢд»ҺиҖҢеҫ—д»ҘдҝқеӯҳгҖӮеәһиҙқдёәдәә们жҸҗдҫӣдәҶдәҶи§ЈзҪ—马дәәж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»зҡ„з»қдҪіи§Ҷи§’пјҢжҲҝеұӢгҖҒзҘһеәҷгҖҒеү§йҷўгҖҒжөҙеңәе’Ңе…¬е…ұе№ҝеңәйғҪе®ҢеҘҪж— жҚҹгҖӮиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖдёӯеҸҜд»ҘзңӢеҲ°еёҰжңүж·ұж·ұиҪҰиҫҷзҡ„иЎ—йҒ“гҖҒеҲ«еў…еўҷеЈҒдёҠзҡ„еЈҒз”»гҖҒе·ҘеқҠпјҢз”ҡиҮіиҝҳжңүзҒҫйҡҫдёӯйҒҮйҡҫеұ…ж°‘зҡ„зҹіиҶҸй“ёеғҸгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳе·ҘдҪңжҸӯзӨәдәҶзҪ—马дәәзҡ„е»әзӯ‘ж–№жі•гҖҒзӨҫдјҡзӯүзә§гҖҒиҙёжҳ“д№ дҝ—д»ҘеҸҠиҝҷдёҖйҮҚиҰҒеҸӨд»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№зҡ„е®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸзӯүз»ҶиҠӮгҖӮ.
жі•еӣҪеӨҡе°”еӨҡж¶…
иҝҷдёӘжҙһз©ҙдҝқеӯҳзқҖдё–з•ҢдёҠдёҖдәӣжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„ж—§зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јжҙһз©ҙеЈҒз”»гҖӮиҝҷдәӣиүәжңҜе“ҒеҲӣдҪңдәҺеӨ§зәҰ17,000е№ҙеүҚпјҢдё»иҰҒжҸҸз»ҳдәҶеӨ§еһӢеҠЁзү©пјҢеҰӮеҺҹзүӣгҖҒ马е’Ңй№ҝгҖӮжӢүж–Ҝ科жҙһз©ҙеЈҒз”»и®©дәә们дәҶи§Јж—§зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јдәә们зҡ„иүәжңҜиғҪеҠӣе’Ңж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»гҖӮеҺҹе§Ӣжҙһз©ҙиҮӘ1963е№ҙиө·е…ій—ӯпјҢдҪҶеӨҚеҲ¶е“Ғи®©жёёе®ўиғҪеӨҹдҪ“йӘҢиҝҷдәӣеҸІеүҚиүәжңҜдҪңе“ҒгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰйҳҝж јжӢү
泰姬йҷөжҳҜдёҖеә§иұЎзүҷзҷҪиүІзҡ„еӨ§зҗҶзҹійҷөеў“пјҢдҪҚдәҺдәҡз©ҶзәіжІіеҸіеІёгҖӮиҺ«еҚ§е„ҝзҡҮеёқжІҷиҙҫжұ—дәҺ1632е№ҙиҮі1653е№ҙй—ҙдёәе·Іж•…еҰ»еӯҗз©Ҷ塔兹·马е“Ҳе°”е»әйҖ дәҶиҝҷеә§зәӘеҝөе»әзӯ‘гҖӮиҜҘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨиһҚеҗҲдәҶжіўж–ҜгҖҒдјҠж–Ҝе…°е’ҢеҚ°еәҰзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е…ғзҙ пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬дёӯеӨ®зҡ„еңҶйЎ¶еў“е®ӨгҖҒеӣӣеә§з»Ҷй•ҝзҡ„е®ЈзӨјеЎ”гҖҒдёҖеә§жё…зңҹеҜәе’Ңе№ҝйҳ”зҡ„еӣӯжһ—гҖӮеӨ§зҗҶзҹіеўҷеЈҒдёҠ镶еөҢзқҖзІҫзҫҺзҡ„еҚҠе®қзҹізҹійӣ•е·ҘиүәгҖӮиҝҷеә§зәӘеҝөзў‘еҚ ең°зәҰ17е…¬йЎ·пјҢжҳҜиҺ«еҚ§е„ҝж—¶жңҹжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„е»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖгҖӮ.
еҠӘжҜ”дәҡпјҢеҹғеҸҠ
йҳҝеёғиҫӣиҙқзҘһеәҷжҳҜдёӨеә§е®Ҹдјҹзҡ„еІ©зҹізҘһеәҷпјҢз”ұжӢүзҫҺиҘҝж–ҜдәҢдё–дәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ13дё–зәӘе»әйҖ гҖӮиҝҷеӨ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠзҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜе’Ңе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—гҖӮиҫғеӨ§зҡ„зҘһеәҷжҳҜзҢ®з»ҷжӢүзҫҺиҘҝж–ҜдәҢдё–жң¬дәәзҡ„пјҢжӯЈйқўжңүеӣӣе°Ҡжі•иҖҒзҡ„е·ЁеӨ§йӣ•еғҸпјҢжҜҸе°Ҡй«ҳ20зұігҖӮиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„зҘһеәҷжҳҜзҢ®з»ҷд»–зҡ„зҺӢеҗҺеҘҲиҙ№е°”еЎ”еҲ©е’ҢеҘізҘһе“Ҳжүҳе°”зҡ„гҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҘһеәҷеңЁ1960е№ҙд»Јиў«жҗ¬иҝҒеҲ°жӣҙй«ҳзҡ„ең°ж–№пјҢд»ҘдҝқжҠӨе®ғ们е…ҚеҸ—зәіиөӣе°”ж№–дёҠж¶Ёж°ҙдҪҚзҡ„еЁҒиғҒгҖӮ.
йӣ…е…ёпјҢеёҢи…Ҡ
её•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷжҳҜйӣ…е…ёеҚ«еҹҺдёҠзҡ„дёҖеә§жҳ”ж—ҘзҘһеәҷпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ5дё–зәӘпјҢеҪ“ж—¶жӯЈеҖјйӣ…е…ёеҠҝеҠӣзҡ„йјҺзӣӣж—¶жңҹпјҢдҫӣеҘүеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҸӨд»ЈйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮе…¶еӨҡз«Ӣе…ӢжҹұејҸгҖҒзІҫзЎ®зҡ„жҜ”дҫӢд»ҘеҸҠжҸҸз»ҳе®—ж•ҷе’ҢзҘһиҜқеңәжҷҜзҡ„еӨ§зҗҶзҹійӣ•еЎ‘пјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶеҸӨе…ёеёҢи…Ҡж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’ҢиүәжңҜиғҪеҠӣгҖӮеё•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷжӣҫдҪңдёәе®қеә“е’Ңе®—ж•ҷдёӯеҝғпјҢеҸҚжҳ дәҶйӣ…е…ёзҡ„ж”ҝжІ»е®һеҠӣд»ҘеҸҠеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңеңЁеҹҺеёӮз”ҹжҙ»дёӯзҡ„ж ёеҝғдҪңз”ЁгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“ҘеҹҺ, еўЁиҘҝе“Ҙ
иҝҷеә§еҸӨд»ЈдёӯзҫҺжҙІеҹҺеёӮе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ100е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ650е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢдҪҚдәҺеўЁиҘҝе“ҘеҹҺйғҠеӨ–пјҢеҚ ең°зәҰ20е№іж–№е…¬йҮҢгҖӮзү№еҘҘи’Ӯз“ҰеқҺйҖҡиҝҮдёӯеӨ®зҡ„вҖңдәЎиҖ…еӨ§йҒ“вҖқгҖҒй«ҳ65зұізҡ„еӨӘйҳійҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”е’ҢжңҲдә®йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶе…¶е»әйҖ иҖ…й«ҳи¶…зҡ„еҹҺеёӮ规еҲ’иғҪеҠӣгҖӮиҝҷеӨ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶзҫҺжҙІжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹеҹҺеёӮд№ӢдёҖзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸгҖҒе»әзӯ‘е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮ.
еёҢи…ҠеңЈжүҳйҮҢе°ј
еңЈжүҳйҮҢе°јйҳҝе…ӢзҪ—и’ӮйҮҢйҒ—еқҖеҸ‘жҺҳжҸӯзӨәдәҶдёҖдёӘйқ’й“ңж—¶д»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№пјҢе®ғеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ16дё–зәӘиў«зҒ«еұұе–·еҸ‘жҺ©еҹӢгҖӮиҝҷеә§зұіиҜәж–ҜеҹҺеёӮеҢ…еҗ«еӨҡеұӮе»әзӯ‘пјҢе…¶дёӯдҝқеӯҳе®ҢеҘҪзҡ„еЈҒз”»жҸҸз»ҳдәҶж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»гҖҒиҮӘ然еңәжҷҜе’Ңе®—ж•ҷж„ҸиұЎгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳеҮәеңҹдәҶйҷ¶еҷЁгҖҒзҹіеҷЁд»ҘеҸҠе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„жҺ’ж°ҙзі»з»ҹгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖдёәдәҶи§ЈзҲұзҗҙжө·йқ’й“ңж—¶д»Јзҡ„е»әзӯ‘гҖҒиҙёжҳ“зҪ‘з»ңе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶйҮҚиҰҒдҝЎжҒҜгҖӮзҒ«еұұзҒ°дҝқжҠӨдәҶжңүжңәжқҗж–ҷе’Ңе»әзӯ‘з»ҶиҠӮпјҢиҝҷдәӣеңЁе…¶д»–еҗҢдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖдёӯеҫҲе°‘иғҪдҝқеӯҳдёӢжқҘгҖӮ.
й•ҝеҹҺжҳҜе…¬е…ғеүҚ7дё–зәӘиҮіе…¬е…ғ17дё–зәӘеӨҡдёӘжңқд»Јдҝ®е»әзҡ„е®ҸдјҹйҳІеҫЎдҪ“зі»пјҢжҖ»й•ҝзәҰ21,000е…¬йҮҢгҖӮиҝҷдёҖеҸӨд»ЈйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶдёӯеӣҪеҗ„дёӘз»ҹжІ»ж—¶жңҹзҡ„еҶӣдәӢзӯ–з•ҘгҖҒе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜе’Ңз»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮй•ҝеҹҺз©ҝи¶ҠеӨҡж ·ең°еҪўпјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶдёӨеҚғе№ҙжқҘйҳІеҫЎе·ҘдәӢе»әзӯ‘зҡ„жј”еҸҳгҖӮ.
жі•еӣҪеҚЎзәіе…Ӣ
еҚЎзәіе…Ӣзҹійҳөз”ұ3000еӨҡеқ—еҸІеүҚе·Ёзҹіз»„жҲҗпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ4500е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢз»ө延зәҰ4е…¬йҮҢгҖӮиҝҷеӨ„йҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶеёғеҲ—еЎ”е°јж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫдјҡзҡ„е»әзӯ‘иғҪеҠӣе’ҢеҸҜиғҪзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—гҖӮзҹіеӨҙжҺ’еҲ—жҲҗе№іиЎҢзҡ„иЎҢеҲ—пјҢжҳҜ欧жҙІжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„е·ЁзҹізҫӨд№ӢдёҖпјҢдёәдәҶи§Је»әйҖ иҝҷдәӣе·Ёзҹізҡ„дәәзҡ„зӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶзәҝзҙўгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰе°јиҘҝдәҡпјҢй©¬ж јжң—
иҝҷеә§8дё–зәӘзҡ„дҪӣж•ҷеҜәеәҷз”ұд№қдёӘеҸ еҠ зҡ„е№іеҸ°з»„жҲҗпјҢеҢ…еҗ«504е°ҠдҪӣеғҸе’Ң2672еқ—жө®йӣ•жқҝгҖӮе©ҶзҪ—жө®еұ еұ•зӨәдәҶдёӯзҲӘе“ҮдҪӣж•ҷе»әзӯ‘зҡ„еҸ‘еұ•пјҢиһҚеҗҲдәҶеҚ°еәҰе°јиҘҝдәҡе»әзӯ‘дј з»ҹдёҺеҚ°еәҰжЁЎејҸгҖӮжө®йӣ•жҸҸз»ҳдәҶдҪӣйҷҖз”ҹе№іеңәжҷҜе’ҢдҪӣж•ҷе®Үе®ҷи§Ӯзҡ„еҶҚзҺ°гҖӮдёҠдёүеұӮдёәеңҶеҪўе№іеҸ°пјҢеёҰжңүй•Ӯз©әзҡ„зӘЈе өеқЎпјӣдёӢе…ӯеұӮдёәж–№еҪўе№іеҸ°пјҢеўҷдёҠжңүжө®йӣ•гҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶеӨҸиҝһзү№жӢүзҺӢжңқзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’Ңе»әзӯ‘ж–№жі•гҖӮ.
еқҰжЎ‘е°јдәҡеҹәе°”з“ҰеІӣ
иҝҷеә§жёҜеҸЈеҹҺеёӮеңЁ13иҮі16дё–зәӘжҳҜиҝһжҺҘйқһжҙІгҖҒйҳҝжӢүдјҜе’ҢдәҡжҙІзҡ„дё»иҰҒиҙёжҳ“дёӯеҝғгҖӮеҹәе°”з“Ұе®ҡеұ…зӮ№йҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӨ§е®«ж®ҝгҖҒеҮ еә§жё…зңҹеҜәе’ҢдҪҸе®…еҢәзӯүзҹіз»“жһ„е»әзӯ‘пјҢиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘и®°еҪ•дәҶдёңйқһжө·еІёзҡ„з»ҸжөҺе’Ңе»әзӯ‘еҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖжҳҫзӨәдәҶж–Ҝз“ҰеёҢйҮҢж–ҮеҢ–е’ҢдјҠж–Ҝе…°е»әзӯ‘дј з»ҹзҡ„еҪұе“ҚгҖӮзЎ¬еёҒзҡ„еҸ‘зҺ°е’ҢиҝӣеҸЈйҷ¶з“·дёәеҚ°еәҰжҙӢеҜ№еІёдёҺжіўж–ҜгҖҒеҚ°еәҰе’ҢдёӯеӣҪзҡ„е№ҝжіӣиҙёжҳ“жҸҗдҫӣдәҶиҜҒжҚ®гҖӮ.
зҺ»еҲ©з»ҙдәҡжӢүе·ҙж–ҜзңҒ
иҝҷдёӘеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖжӣҫжҳҜе…¬е…ғеүҚ300е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ1000е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙдёҖдёӘйҮҚиҰҒж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„дёӯеҝғгҖӮи’Ӯз“Ұзәіеә“йҖҡиҝҮе…¶йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”гҖҒзҘһеәҷе’Ңе·ЁзҹіеғҸеұ•зӨәдәҶе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„зҹіжқҗе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҒ—иҝ№и®°еҪ•дәҶдёҖдёӘжө·жӢ”зәҰ3,840зұій«ҳзҡ„зӨҫдјҡзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„гҖӮж•ҙдёӘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨеҢ…жӢ¬йҳҝеҚЎеё•зәійҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”е’ҢеҚЎжӢүиҗЁиҗЁдәҡзҘһеәҷпјҢе®ғ们具жңүеӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰдёҠзҡ„еҜ№йҪҗзү№еҫҒгҖӮ.
иӢұж је…°еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎ
иҝҷеә§ж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јзҡ„зәӘеҝөзў‘з”ұеӨҡдёӘзҹіеңҲз»„жҲҗпјҢеӣӣе‘ЁзҺҜз»•зқҖж·ұж·ұзҡ„жІҹжё е’Ңеңҹе ӨпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ2850е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2200е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙгҖӮеҹғеӨ«дјҜйҮҢе·ЁзҹійҳөжҳҜ欧жҙІжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еҸІеүҚзәӘеҝөзў‘д№ӢдёҖпјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶиӢұж је…°еҚ—йғЁж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫзҫӨе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӨ–еңҲзҹійҳөе’ҢдёӨдёӘиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„еҶ…еңҲзҹійҳөпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶиҝҷдәӣж—©жңҹеҶңдёҡзӨҫдјҡзҡ„д»ӘејҸжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮ.
еңҹиҖіе…¶пјҢд№Ңе°”жі•
е“Ҙиҙқе…ӢеҠӣзҹійҳөеҢ…еҗ«е…¬е…ғеүҚдёҖдёҮе№ҙзҡ„зҹійҖ зҘһеәҷз»“жһ„пјҢеңҶеҪўжҺ’еҲ—зҡ„йӣ•еҲ»зҹіжҹұдёҠйҘ°жңүеҠЁзү©жө®йӣ•е’ҢеҮ дҪ•еӣҫжЎҲгҖӮиҝҷеә§зҘһеәҷз»јеҗҲдҪ“жҳҜе·ІзҹҘдәәзұ»еҺҶеҸІдёҠжңҖеҸӨиҖҒзҡ„зәӘеҝөжҖ§е»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖпјҢдёәзҗҶи§Јж—©жңҹж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫеҢәзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„жҸҗдҫӣдәҶзәҝзҙўгҖӮTеҪўзҹізҒ°еІ©жҹұй«ҳиҫҫ5.5зұіпјҢйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁгҖӮжө®йӣ•жҸҸз»ҳдәҶзӢҗзӢёгҖҒиӣҮгҖҒйҮҺзҢӘгҖҒй№ӨзӯүеҠЁзү©гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶд»ҺзӢ©зҢҺйҮҮйӣҶзӨҫдјҡеҗ‘е®ҡеұ…з”ҹжҙ»зҡ„иҪ¬еҸҳпјҢ并д»Һж №жң¬дёҠж”№еҸҳдәҶдәә们еҜ№дәәзұ»ж–ҮжҳҺеҸ‘еұ•зҡ„и®ӨиҜҶгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“Ҙз“Ұе“ҲеҚЎ
иҝҷдёӘеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖжҳҜдёӯзҫҺжҙІжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„иҖғеҸӨз»јеҗҲдҪ“д№ӢдёҖпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶи¶…иҝҮ1,500е№ҙзҡ„жҢҒз»ӯеҚ йўҶгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖжӢҘжңүжўҜз”°з»“жһ„гҖҒеҢ…жӢ¬ж°ҙеққе’ҢиҝҗжІіеңЁеҶ…зҡ„ж°ҙеҲ©зі»з»ҹгҖҒеӨҡеә§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”д»ҘеҸҠдәәе·ҘеңҹдёҳгҖӮи’ҷзү№йҳҝе°”зҸӯжӣҫжҳҜиҗЁжіўзү№е…Ӣж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„зӨјд»Әе’Ңж”ҝжІ»дёӯеҝғпјҢдёәдәҶи§Је…¶д»Һе…¬е…ғеүҚ500е№ҙеҲ°е…¬е…ғ850е№ҙй—ҙзҡ„е»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶи§Ҷи§’гҖӮ.
еңҹиҖіе…¶пјҢеҶ…еӨ«и°ўеёҢе°”
иҝҷдәӣйӣ•еҲ»еңЁеҚЎеё•еӨҡз»ҶдәҡзҒ«еұұеІ©еұӮдёӯзҡ„жҙһз©ҙдҪҸе®…пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶиҮӘжӢңеҚ еәӯж—¶жңҹд»ҘжқҘжҸҗдҫӣдәҶж•°зҷҫе№ҙеәҮжҠӨе’ҢдҝқжҠӨзҡ„еҸӨиҖҒе»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдәӣз»“жһ„жҳҜеңЁжҹ”иҪҜзҡ„еҮқзҒ°еІ©еұӮдёӯжҢ–жҺҳиҖҢжҲҗпјҢеҪўжҲҗдәҶеёҰжңүеұ…дҪҸеҢәгҖҒеӮЁи—ҸеҢәе’ҢзӨјжӢңе Ӯзҡ„еӨҚжқӮең°дёӢиҒҡиҗҪгҖӮжҙһз©ҙдҪҸе®…зҡ„еӨ©з„¶йҡ”зғӯеұӮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№жһҒз«Ҝжё©еәҰзҡ„дҝқжҠӨпјҢиҖҢеӨҡеұӮе»әзӯ‘зҫӨйҖҡиҝҮйҡ§йҒ“е’Ңз«–дә•зӣёиҝһгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶж—©жңҹзӨҫдјҡеҰӮдҪ•еҲ©з”ЁиҮӘ然ең°иҙЁзү№еҫҒжқҘеҲӣйҖ жҢҒз»ӯж•°зҷҫе№ҙжңүдәәеұ…дҪҸзҡ„жҢҒд№…зӨҫеҢәпјҢдёәдёҘй…·зҺҜеўғдёӯзҡ„е»әйҖ ж–№жі•гҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢйҖӮеә”зӯ–з•ҘжҸҗдҫӣдәҶи§Ғи§ЈгҖӮ.
жҲҲдҪҗеІӣпјҢ马иҖід»–
马иҖід»–зҡ„е·ЁзҹізҘһеәҷзҫӨз”ұ马иҖід»–еІӣе’ҢжҲҲдҪҗеІӣдёҠзҡ„еӨҡдёӘеҸІеүҚзҘһеәҷе»әзӯ‘зҫӨз»„жҲҗгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҹіз»“жһ„е»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ3600е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖеҸӨиҖҒзҡ„зӢ¬з«Ӣе»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖгҖӮзҘһеәҷеұ•зҺ°дәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…е…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜпјҢ他们еңЁжІЎжңүйҮ‘еұһе·Ҙе…·зҡ„жғ…еҶөдёӢеҠ е·Ҙе’Ңиҝҗиҫ“еӨ§еһӢзҹізҒ°еІ©еқ—гҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҒ—еқҖжӢҘжңүеӨҚжқӮзҡ„е»әзӯ‘еёғеұҖпјҢи®ҫжңүеӨҡдёӘеҚҠеңҶеҪўеҗҺж®ҝпјҢ并жҸҗдҫӣиЈ…йҘ°жҖ§зҹійӣ•е’ҢзҘӯеқӣгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҘһеәҷе»әзӯ‘зҫӨи®°еҪ•дәҶең°дёӯжө·ең°еҢәж–°зҹіеҷЁж–ҮжҳҺж—¶жңҹзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„гҖӮ.
еҘҘе…Ӣе°јпјҢиӢҸж је…°
ж–ҜеҚЎжӢүеёғйӣ·жҳҜдҪҚдәҺеҘҘе…Ӣе°јзҫӨеІӣж–ҜеҮҜе°”ж№ҫзҡ„дёҖеӨ„ж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖе№ҙд»ЈзәҰдёәе…¬е…ғеүҚ3200е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2200е№ҙпјҢз”ұе…«еә§зӣёиҝһзҡ„зҹіеұӢз»„жҲҗгҖӮиҝҷйҮҢеҸҜд»ҘзңӢеҲ°еёҰжңүзҹіеәҠгҖҒзҹіжһ¶е’ҢдёӯеӨ®зҒ«еЎҳзҡ„дҪҸе®…з»“жһ„гҖӮжҲҝеұӢйҖҡиҝҮжңүйЎ¶зҡ„йҖҡйҒ“зӣёиҝһпјҢ并з”ұжІҷеңҹдҝқжҠӨгҖӮж–ҜеҚЎжӢүеёғйӣ·и®©жҲ‘们дәҶи§Јж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫеҢәзҡ„з”ҹжҙ»ж–№ејҸе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮжңүжңәзү©иҙЁзҡ„дҝқеӯҳзҠ¶еҶөиүҜеҘҪпјҢдҪҝдәә们иғҪеӨҹз ”з©¶иҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„е·Ҙе…·е’Ң家еұ…з”Ёе“ҒгҖӮ.
ж–ҜйҮҢе…°еҚЎдёӯеӨ®зңҒ
иҝҷеә§дә”дё–зәӘзҡ„е Ўеһ’е®«ж®ҝе»әеңЁдёҖеә§200зұій«ҳзҡ„иҠұеІ—еІ©еІ©зҹідёҠпјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶж—©жңҹдёӯдё–зәӘж–ҜйҮҢе…°еҚЎзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’Ңе·ҘзЁӢеҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҜҘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨе°ҶйҳІеҫЎз»“жһ„дёҺеЈҒз”»е’Ңж°ҙдёҠиҠұеӣӯзӣёз»“еҗҲпјҢиҜҒжҳҺдәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…зҡ„иүәжңҜжҠҖе·§е’Ңж°ҙеҠӣзҹҘиҜҶгҖӮй”ЎеҗүйҮҢиҖ¶жҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№иҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„ж”ҝжІ»е’Ңж–ҮеҢ–з»“жһ„зҡ„жҙһеҜҹгҖӮйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӣһе»ҠгҖҒйңІеҸ°е’ҢдёҖзі»еҲ—и“„ж°ҙжұ пјҢиҝҷдәӣи“„ж°ҙжұ иҜҒжҳҺдәҶеҪ“ж—¶е…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„ж°ҙиө„жәҗз®ЎзҗҶгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰ马е“ҲжӢүж–Ҫзү№жӢүйӮҰ
йҳҝж—ғйҷҖзҹізӘҹдҪҚдәҺ马е“ҲжӢүж–Ҫзү№жӢүйӮҰпјҢжҳҜеңЁй©¬и№„еҪўзҡ„еІ©еЈҒдёҠејҖеҮҝзҡ„30еә§дҪӣж•ҷзҹізӘҹеҜәеәҷпјҢе§Ӣе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ2дё–зәӘгҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮжҸҸз»ҳдҪӣйҷҖз”ҹе№іеҸҠжң¬з”ҹж•…дәӢзҡ„еЈҒз”»е’ҢзІҫз»Ҷзҡ„зҹійӣ•жө®йӣ•пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶдҪӣж•ҷиүәжңҜдёҺе»әзӯ‘зҡ„еҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҝҷдәӣеҜәеәҷжӣҫз”ЁдҪңеғ§дҫЈзҡ„зҘҲзҘ·еҺ…е’Ңеұ…жүҖпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶж•°дёӘдё–зәӘд»ҘжқҘзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’ҢиүәжңҜжҠҖиүәгҖӮ.
з§ҳйІҒзәіж–ҜеҚЎжІҷжј
зәіж–ҜеҚЎзәҝжқЎжҳҜзәіж–ҜеҚЎж–ҮеҢ–еңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ500е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ500е№ҙй—ҙдәҺжІҷжј ең°йқўдёҠеҲӣдҪңзҡ„дёҖз»„ең°йқўеӣҫз”»гҖӮиҝҷдәӣеӣҫз”»зӣҙеҫ„д»Һ50зұіеҲ°300зұідёҚзӯүпјҢжҸҸз»ҳдәҶеҮ дҪ•еӣҫеҪўгҖҒжӨҚзү©пјҢд»ҘеҸҠеҢ…жӢ¬иңӮйёҹгҖҒиңҳиӣӣгҖҒзҢҙеӯҗе’ҢйІёйұјеңЁеҶ…зҡ„70еӨҡз§ҚеҠЁзү©еҪўиұЎгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзәҝжқЎжҳҜйҖҡиҝҮ移йҷӨж°§еҢ–иЎЁеұӮпјҢйңІеҮәиҫғжө…зҡ„дёӢеұӮеңҹеЈӨиҖҢеҲ¶жҲҗзҡ„гҖӮе®ғ们记еҪ•дәҶзәіж–ҜеҚЎзӨҫдјҡзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮзҹҘиҜҶе’Ңд»ӘејҸе®һи·өпјҢ并жҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№иҝҷдёҖеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹж–ҮжҳҺжҠҖжңҜиғҪеҠӣзҡ„жҙһеҜҹгҖӮ.
еҹғеҸҠеҚўе…Ӣзҙў
еёқзҺӢи°·еҶ…жңү63еә§ең°дёӢеў“е®ӨпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ16дё–зәӘиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ11дё–зәӘпјҢжҳҜдёәж–°зҺӢеӣҪж—¶жңҹзҡ„жі•иҖҒе’Ңй«ҳзә§иҙөж—Ҹе»әйҖ зҡ„гҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮдҝқеӯҳзҡ„еЈҒз”»гҖҒиұЎеҪўж–Үеӯ—е’Ңе»әзӯ‘з»“жһ„пјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠзҡ„дё§и‘¬д№ дҝ—е’Ңе®—ж•ҷдҝЎд»°гҖӮеў“е®ӨејҖеҮҝеңЁзҹізҒ°еІ©жӮ¬еҙ–дёӯпјҢиЈ…йҘ°жңүжҸҸз»ҳжқҘдё–зҡ„иүәжңҜе“ҒгҖӮиҜҘи°·дёәжі•иҖҒжқғеҠӣгҖҒзӨҫдјҡз»„з»Үд»ҘеҸҠиҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„жүӢе·ҘиүәжҠҖиғҪжҸҗдҫӣдәҶйҮҚиҰҒиҜҒжҚ®гҖӮ.
32 дёӘеҫ…еҸ‘зҺ°зҡ„ең°зӮ№ вҖ” еҲ«й”ҷиҝҮжңҖеҗҺдёҖдёӘпјҒ
еҗүиҗЁеӨ§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”жҳҜ第еӣӣзҺӢжңқж—¶жңҹзәҰе…¬е…ғеүҚ2560е№ҙдёәжі•иҖҒиғЎеӨ«е»әйҖ зҡ„дёҖеә§е·ЁеӨ§йҷөеў“гҖӮиҝҷеә§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”дёҺеҹәжң¬ж–№дҪҚзІҫзЎ®еҜ№йҪҗпјҢ并зІҫзЎ®ж”ҫзҪ®дәҶзәҰ230дёҮеқ—зҹізҒ°еІ©еқ—пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠдәәе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„ж•°еӯҰе’Ңе·ҘзЁӢзҹҘиҜҶгҖӮе…¶еҺҹе§Ӣй«ҳеәҰдёә146зұіпјҢеңЁиҝ‘4000е№ҙй—ҙдёҖзӣҙжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖй«ҳзҡ„дәәйҖ е»әзӯ‘гҖӮеҗүиҗЁеӨ§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”дҪ“зҺ°дәҶ丧葬е»әзӯ‘еңЁеҸӨеҹғеҸҠе®—ж•ҷдҝЎд»°е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»Үдёӯзҡ„ж ёеҝғдҪңз”ЁгҖӮ.
еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎпјҢиӢұж је…°
е·ЁзҹійҳөжҳҜдҪҚдәҺиӢұж је…°еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎзҡ„дёҖеӨ„еҸІеүҚйҒ—иҝ№пјҢз”ұе·ЁеӨ§зҡ„иҗЁе°”жЈ®зҹіе’Ңиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„и“қзҹіжҺ’еҲ—жҲҗеңҶеҪўгҖӮиҜҘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Је’Ңйқ’й“ңж—¶д»ЈзӨҫдјҡе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰзҹҘиҜҶе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮе…¶е»әйҖ еҲҶеӨҡдёӘйҳ¶ж®өиҝӣиЎҢпјҢж—¶й—ҙеӨ§зәҰеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ3000е№ҙиҮіеүҚ1500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙгҖӮз»“жһ„еҢ…жӢ¬еӨ–еңҲзҡ„дёүзҹіеЎ”гҖҒеҶ…йғЁзҡ„马蹄еҪўжҺ’еҲ—пјҢд»ҘеҸҠе‘Ёеӣҙзҡ„жІҹжё е’Ңеңҹе ӨгҖӮе®ғдёҺеҶ¬иҮіе’ҢеӨҸиҮізҡ„зІҫзЎ®еҜ№йҪҗиЎЁжҳҺе…¶е…·жңүе®—ж•ҷе’Ңд»ӘејҸз”ЁйҖ”гҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁпјҲжңҖйҮҚиҫҫ25еҗЁпјүзҡ„зҹіеқ—иў«иҝңи·қзҰ»иҝҗиҫ“пјҢиҝҷжҳҫзӨәдәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…зҡ„з»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
з§ҳйІҒеә“ж–Ҝ科еӨ§еҢә
马дёҳжҜ”дёҳжҳҜдёҖеә§15дё–зәӘзҡ„еҚ°еҠ еҹҺеёӮпјҢдҪҚдәҺе®ү第ж–Ҝеұұи„үпјҢжө·жӢ”зәҰ2430зұігҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖз”ұеҚ°еҠ зҡҮеёқеё•жҹҘеә“зү№е…ӢдёӢд»Өе»әйҖ пјҢеҢ…еҗ«200еӨҡеә§зҹіз»“жһ„е»әзӯ‘пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬зҘһеәҷгҖҒдҪҸжүҖгҖҒжўҜз”°е’Ңдҫӣж°ҙзі»з»ҹгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҹҺеёӮеұ•зӨәдәҶж— йңҖзҒ°жөҶзҡ„зІҫеҜҶзҹіз ҢжҠҖжңҜе’ҢжўҜз”°еҶңдёҡжҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдёҖйҒ—еқҖжҸӯзӨәдәҶиҘҝзҸӯзүҷеҫҒжңҚеүҚеҚ°еҠ ж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„еҹҺеёӮ规еҲ’гҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’Ңе»әзӯ‘иғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
дёӯеӣҪпјҢиҘҝе®ү
иҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…еҗ«ж•°еҚғдёӘзңҹдәәеӨ§е°Ҹзҡ„йҷ¶дҝ‘пјҢд»ЈиЎЁз§Ұжңқзҡ„еЈ«е…өгҖҒ马еҢ№гҖҒжҲҳиҪҰе’Ңе®ҳе‘ҳгҖӮе…ө马дҝ‘е»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ221е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ210е№ҙпјҢз”ЁжқҘйҷӘдјҙз§Ұе§ӢзҡҮеңЁжқҘдё–гҖӮжҜҸдёӘйҷ¶дҝ‘йғҪжңүзӢ¬зү№зҡ„и„ёйғЁзү№еҫҒгҖҒеҸ‘еһӢе’ҢеҶӣиЎ”ж ҮиҜҶгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳзҺ°еңәи·Ёи¶ҠеӨҡдёӘеқ‘пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨд»ЈдёӯеӣҪй«ҳи¶…зҡ„е·Ҙиүәе’ҢеҶӣдәӢз»„з»ҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖдәҺ1974е№ҙиў«еҶңж°‘еҸ‘зҺ°пјҢ并继з»ӯжҸӯзӨәжңүе…іеҪ“ж—¶зҡ„дё§и‘¬д№ дҝ—е’ҢиүәжңҜжҠҖе·§зҡ„з»ҶиҠӮгҖӮ.
ж„ҸеӨ§еҲ©зҪ—马
иҝҷеә§еҸӨзҪ—马з«һжҠҖеңәе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғ70е№ҙиҮі80е№ҙй—ҙпјҢз”ұеј—жӢүз»ҙзҺӢжңқзҡ„зҡҮеёқ们дҝ®е»әпјҢеҸҜе®№зәізәҰ5дёҮеҗҚи§Ӯдј—гҖӮж–—е…Ҫеңәз”ЁдәҺдёҫеҠһи§’ж–—еЈ«жҜ”иөӣгҖҒзӢ©зҢҺйҮҺе…Ҫд»ҘеҸҠе…¬е…ұиЎЁжј”пјҢиҝҷдәӣжҙ»еҠЁжҳҜзҪ—马зӨҫдјҡе’Ңж”ҝжІ»зҡ„ж ёеҝғгҖӮе…¶жӨӯеңҶеҪўз»“жһ„жңүеӣӣеұӮжҘјй«ҳпјҢ并й…ҚжңүеӨҚжқӮзҡ„йҖҡйҒ“е’Ңең°дёӢжҲҝй—ҙпјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶзҪ—马еёқеӣҪеңЁз®ЎзҗҶеӨ§и§„жЁЎеЁұд№җжҙ»еҠЁж–№йқўжүҖе…·еӨҮзҡ„е…Ҳиҝӣе·ҘзЁӢжҠҖжңҜе’Ңз»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
зәҰж—ҰпјҢ马е®үзңҒ
дҪ©зү№жӢүжҳҜзәіе·ҙжі°дәәеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ4дё–зәӘдәҺзәҰж—ҰеҚ—йғЁз ӮеІ©жӮ¬еҙ–дёҠе»әйҖ зҡ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҸӨеҹҺдҪҚдәҺиҝһжҺҘйҳҝжӢүдјҜгҖҒеҹғеҸҠе’Ңең°дёӯжө·зҡ„е•Ҷйҳҹи·ҜзәҝдәӨжұҮеӨ„пјҢжӣҫжҳҜйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„иҙёжҳ“дёӯеҝғгҖӮе…¶дё»иҰҒе»әзӯ‘еҢ…жӢ¬еІ©зҹійӣ•еҲ»зҡ„е®қеә“гҖҒдҝ®йҒ“йҷўе’ҢзҪ—马时代зҡ„еңҶеҪўеү§еңәгҖӮеҹҺеёӮзҡ„дҫӣж°ҙзі»з»ҹз”ұж°ҙжё гҖҒи“„ж°ҙжұ е’Ңж°ҙеққз»„жҲҗпјҢдҪҝе…¶иғҪеӨҹеңЁе№Іж—ұзҺҜеўғдёӯз”ҹеӯҳгҖӮиҝҷеә§зәіе·ҙжі°йҰ–йғҪеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨд»Јж–ҮжҳҺе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е·ҘзЁӢе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮ.
йӣ…е…ёеҚ«еҹҺжҳҜдёҖеә§еҸӨиҖҒзҡ„еҹҺе ЎпјҢдҪҚдәҺеҹҺеёӮдёҠж–№зҡ„еІ©зҹіеұұдёҳдёҠгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…еҗ«дәҶе…¬е…ғеүҚ5дё–зәӘиҮі4дё–зәӘе»әйҖ зҡ„её•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷгҖҒеҺ„з‘һе…Ӣеҝ’зҝҒзҘһеәҷгҖҒйӣ…е…ёеЁңиғңеҲ©зҘһеәҷе’Ңеұұй—ЁгҖӮиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘еұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨе…ёеёҢи…Ҡзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’ҢиүәжңҜжҲҗе°ұпјҢ并用дәҺе®—ж•ҷе’Ңд»ӘејҸзӣ®зҡ„гҖӮеё•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷдҫӣеҘүеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңпјҢиҖҢеҺ„з‘һе…Ӣеҝ’зҝҒзҘһеәҷеҲҷдҫӣеҘүеӨҡдҪҚзҘһзҘҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖи§ҒиҜҒдәҶйӣ…е…ёеңЁеҸӨе…ёж—¶жңҹж”ҝжІ»е’Ңж–ҮеҢ–дёҠзҡ„йҮҚиҰҒең°дҪҚгҖӮ.
жҷәеҲ©пјҢеӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣ
еӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣзҹіеғҸжҳҜжӢүеё•еҠӘдјҠдәәеңЁе…¬е…ғ1250е№ҙиҮі1500е№ҙй—ҙеңЁеҒҸиҝңзҡ„еӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣдёҠйӣ•еҲ»зҡ„е·ЁеһӢзҹіеғҸгҖӮиҝҷдәӣиў«з§°дёәж‘©иүҫзҡ„зҹіеғҸз”ұзҒ«еұұеҮқзҒ°еІ©йӣ•еҲ»иҖҢжҲҗпјҢеҫҲеҸҜиғҪд»ЈиЎЁе·Іж•…зҡ„зҘ–е…ҲжҲ–й…Ӣй•ҝгҖӮзҹіеғҸй«ҳеәҰд»Һ4зұіеҲ°10зұідёҚзӯүпјҢйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁгҖӮе®ғ们被иҝҗйҖҒеҲ°еІӣдёҠеҗ„еӨ„пјҢ并被竖з«ӢеңЁз§°дёәйҳҝиғЎзҡ„зҹіеҸ°дёҠгҖӮж‘©иүҫеұ•зӨәдәҶеңЁжһҒеәҰең°зҗҶйҡ”зҰ»дёӯеҸ‘еұ•иө·жқҘзҡ„жіўеҲ©е°јиҘҝдәҡзӨҫдјҡзҡ„жҠҖжңҜиғҪеҠӣе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“ҘпјҢе°ӨеҚЎеқҰе·һ
иҝҷеә§еүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„еҹҺеёӮжҳҜе°ӨеҚЎеқҰеҚҠеІӣдёҠзҺӣйӣ…ж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„дё»иҰҒдёӯеҝғгҖӮеҘҮзҗҙдјҠеҜҹжӢҘжңүй«ҳ30зұізҡ„еә“еә“е°”еқҺйҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”пјҢе®ғжңүд№қдёӘе№іеҸ°е’ҢеӣӣдёӘжҘјжўҜпјҢжҜҸдёӘжҘјжўҜжңү91зә§еҸ°йҳ¶гҖӮиҜҘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬дёҖдёӘеӨ§зҗғеңәгҖҒжҲҳеЈ«зҘһеәҷгҖҒеҹғе°”еҚЎжӢү科尔еӨ©ж–ҮеҸ°пјҢд»ҘеҸҠз”ЁдәҺе®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸзҡ„еӨ©з„¶дә•вҖ”вҖ”еңЈдә•гҖӮиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘еұ•зӨәдәҶе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰе’Ңж•°еӯҰзҹҘиҜҶпјҢиһҚеҗҲдәҶзҺӣйӣ…е»әзӯ‘е…ғзҙ дёҺеўЁиҘҝе“ҘдёӯйғЁзҡ„еҪұе“ҚгҖӮ.
жҹ¬еҹ”еҜЁжҡ№зІ’
еҗҙе“ҘзӘҹжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еҜәеәҷзҫӨпјҢе»әдәҺ12дё–зәӘпјҢжңҖеҲқжҳҜеҚ°еәҰж•ҷеңЈең°пјҢеҗҺжқҘж”№дҪңдёәдҪӣж•ҷеңәжүҖгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҚ ең°зәҰ162е…¬йЎ·пјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶй«ҳжЈүеёқеӣҪй«ҳи¶…зҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜпјҢеҢ…жӢ¬зІҫз»Ҷзҡ„зҹіз ҢгҖҒж°ҙеҲ©зі»з»ҹе’ҢеӨ©ж–ҮеҜ№йҪҗгҖӮдә”еә§еЎ”иұЎеҫҒзқҖзҘһиҜқдёӯзҡ„йЎ»ејҘеұұпјҢе®Ҫйҳ”зҡ„еӣһе»ҠдёҠжңүжҸҸз»ҳе®—ж•ҷж•…дәӢе’ҢеҺҶеҸІдәӢ件зҡ„жө®йӣ•гҖӮ.
ж„ҸеӨ§еҲ©еқҺеё•е°јдәҡеӨ§еҢә
иҝҷеә§еҸӨеҹҺеӣ е…¬е…ғ79е№ҙз»ҙиӢҸеЁҒзҒ«еұұе–·еҸ‘иҖҢиў«зҒ«еұұзҒ°жҺ©еҹӢпјҢд»ҺиҖҢеҫ—д»ҘдҝқеӯҳгҖӮеәһиҙқдёәдәә们жҸҗдҫӣдәҶдәҶи§ЈзҪ—马дәәж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»зҡ„з»қдҪіи§Ҷи§’пјҢжҲҝеұӢгҖҒзҘһеәҷгҖҒеү§йҷўгҖҒжөҙеңәе’Ңе…¬е…ұе№ҝеңәйғҪе®ҢеҘҪж— жҚҹгҖӮиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖдёӯеҸҜд»ҘзңӢеҲ°еёҰжңүж·ұж·ұиҪҰиҫҷзҡ„иЎ—йҒ“гҖҒеҲ«еў…еўҷеЈҒдёҠзҡ„еЈҒз”»гҖҒе·ҘеқҠпјҢз”ҡиҮіиҝҳжңүзҒҫйҡҫдёӯйҒҮйҡҫеұ…ж°‘зҡ„зҹіиҶҸй“ёеғҸгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳе·ҘдҪңжҸӯзӨәдәҶзҪ—马дәәзҡ„е»әзӯ‘ж–№жі•гҖҒзӨҫдјҡзӯүзә§гҖҒиҙёжҳ“д№ дҝ—д»ҘеҸҠиҝҷдёҖйҮҚиҰҒеҸӨд»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№зҡ„е®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸзӯүз»ҶиҠӮгҖӮ.
жі•еӣҪеӨҡе°”еӨҡж¶…
иҝҷдёӘжҙһз©ҙдҝқеӯҳзқҖдё–з•ҢдёҠдёҖдәӣжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„ж—§зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јжҙһз©ҙеЈҒз”»гҖӮиҝҷдәӣиүәжңҜе“ҒеҲӣдҪңдәҺеӨ§зәҰ17,000е№ҙеүҚпјҢдё»иҰҒжҸҸз»ҳдәҶеӨ§еһӢеҠЁзү©пјҢеҰӮеҺҹзүӣгҖҒ马е’Ңй№ҝгҖӮжӢүж–Ҝ科жҙһз©ҙеЈҒз”»и®©дәә们дәҶи§Јж—§зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јдәә们зҡ„иүәжңҜиғҪеҠӣе’Ңж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»гҖӮеҺҹе§Ӣжҙһз©ҙиҮӘ1963е№ҙиө·е…ій—ӯпјҢдҪҶеӨҚеҲ¶е“Ғи®©жёёе®ўиғҪеӨҹдҪ“йӘҢиҝҷдәӣеҸІеүҚиүәжңҜдҪңе“ҒгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰйҳҝж јжӢү
泰姬йҷөжҳҜдёҖеә§иұЎзүҷзҷҪиүІзҡ„еӨ§зҗҶзҹійҷөеў“пјҢдҪҚдәҺдәҡз©ҶзәіжІіеҸіеІёгҖӮиҺ«еҚ§е„ҝзҡҮеёқжІҷиҙҫжұ—дәҺ1632е№ҙиҮі1653е№ҙй—ҙдёәе·Іж•…еҰ»еӯҗз©Ҷ塔兹·马е“Ҳе°”е»әйҖ дәҶиҝҷеә§зәӘеҝөе»әзӯ‘гҖӮиҜҘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨиһҚеҗҲдәҶжіўж–ҜгҖҒдјҠж–Ҝе…°е’ҢеҚ°еәҰзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е…ғзҙ пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬дёӯеӨ®зҡ„еңҶйЎ¶еў“е®ӨгҖҒеӣӣеә§з»Ҷй•ҝзҡ„е®ЈзӨјеЎ”гҖҒдёҖеә§жё…зңҹеҜәе’Ңе№ҝйҳ”зҡ„еӣӯжһ—гҖӮеӨ§зҗҶзҹіеўҷеЈҒдёҠ镶еөҢзқҖзІҫзҫҺзҡ„еҚҠе®қзҹізҹійӣ•е·ҘиүәгҖӮиҝҷеә§зәӘеҝөзў‘еҚ ең°зәҰ17е…¬йЎ·пјҢжҳҜиҺ«еҚ§е„ҝж—¶жңҹжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„е»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖгҖӮ.
еҠӘжҜ”дәҡпјҢеҹғеҸҠ
йҳҝеёғиҫӣиҙқзҘһеәҷжҳҜдёӨеә§е®Ҹдјҹзҡ„еІ©зҹізҘһеәҷпјҢз”ұжӢүзҫҺиҘҝж–ҜдәҢдё–дәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ13дё–зәӘе»әйҖ гҖӮиҝҷеӨ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠзҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜе’Ңе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—гҖӮиҫғеӨ§зҡ„зҘһеәҷжҳҜзҢ®з»ҷжӢүзҫҺиҘҝж–ҜдәҢдё–жң¬дәәзҡ„пјҢжӯЈйқўжңүеӣӣе°Ҡжі•иҖҒзҡ„е·ЁеӨ§йӣ•еғҸпјҢжҜҸе°Ҡй«ҳ20зұігҖӮиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„зҘһеәҷжҳҜзҢ®з»ҷд»–зҡ„зҺӢеҗҺеҘҲиҙ№е°”еЎ”еҲ©е’ҢеҘізҘһе“Ҳжүҳе°”зҡ„гҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҘһеәҷеңЁ1960е№ҙд»Јиў«жҗ¬иҝҒеҲ°жӣҙй«ҳзҡ„ең°ж–№пјҢд»ҘдҝқжҠӨе®ғ们е…ҚеҸ—зәіиөӣе°”ж№–дёҠж¶Ёж°ҙдҪҚзҡ„еЁҒиғҒгҖӮ.
йӣ…е…ёпјҢеёҢи…Ҡ
её•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷжҳҜйӣ…е…ёеҚ«еҹҺдёҠзҡ„дёҖеә§жҳ”ж—ҘзҘһеәҷпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ5дё–зәӘпјҢеҪ“ж—¶жӯЈеҖјйӣ…е…ёеҠҝеҠӣзҡ„йјҺзӣӣж—¶жңҹпјҢдҫӣеҘүеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҸӨд»ЈйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮе…¶еӨҡз«Ӣе…ӢжҹұејҸгҖҒзІҫзЎ®зҡ„жҜ”дҫӢд»ҘеҸҠжҸҸз»ҳе®—ж•ҷе’ҢзҘһиҜқеңәжҷҜзҡ„еӨ§зҗҶзҹійӣ•еЎ‘пјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶеҸӨе…ёеёҢи…Ҡж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’ҢиүәжңҜиғҪеҠӣгҖӮеё•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷжӣҫдҪңдёәе®қеә“е’Ңе®—ж•ҷдёӯеҝғпјҢеҸҚжҳ дәҶйӣ…е…ёзҡ„ж”ҝжІ»е®һеҠӣд»ҘеҸҠеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңеңЁеҹҺеёӮз”ҹжҙ»дёӯзҡ„ж ёеҝғдҪңз”ЁгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“ҘеҹҺ, еўЁиҘҝе“Ҙ
иҝҷеә§еҸӨд»ЈдёӯзҫҺжҙІеҹҺеёӮе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ100е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ650е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢдҪҚдәҺеўЁиҘҝе“ҘеҹҺйғҠеӨ–пјҢеҚ ең°зәҰ20е№іж–№е…¬йҮҢгҖӮзү№еҘҘи’Ӯз“ҰеқҺйҖҡиҝҮдёӯеӨ®зҡ„вҖңдәЎиҖ…еӨ§йҒ“вҖқгҖҒй«ҳ65зұізҡ„еӨӘйҳійҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”е’ҢжңҲдә®йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶе…¶е»әйҖ иҖ…й«ҳи¶…зҡ„еҹҺеёӮ规еҲ’иғҪеҠӣгҖӮиҝҷеӨ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶзҫҺжҙІжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹеҹҺеёӮд№ӢдёҖзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸгҖҒе»әзӯ‘е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮ.
еёҢи…ҠеңЈжүҳйҮҢе°ј
еңЈжүҳйҮҢе°јйҳҝе…ӢзҪ—и’ӮйҮҢйҒ—еқҖеҸ‘жҺҳжҸӯзӨәдәҶдёҖдёӘйқ’й“ңж—¶д»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№пјҢе®ғеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ16дё–зәӘиў«зҒ«еұұе–·еҸ‘жҺ©еҹӢгҖӮиҝҷеә§зұіиҜәж–ҜеҹҺеёӮеҢ…еҗ«еӨҡеұӮе»әзӯ‘пјҢе…¶дёӯдҝқеӯҳе®ҢеҘҪзҡ„еЈҒз”»жҸҸз»ҳдәҶж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»гҖҒиҮӘ然еңәжҷҜе’Ңе®—ж•ҷж„ҸиұЎгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳеҮәеңҹдәҶйҷ¶еҷЁгҖҒзҹіеҷЁд»ҘеҸҠе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„жҺ’ж°ҙзі»з»ҹгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖдёәдәҶи§ЈзҲұзҗҙжө·йқ’й“ңж—¶д»Јзҡ„е»әзӯ‘гҖҒиҙёжҳ“зҪ‘з»ңе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶйҮҚиҰҒдҝЎжҒҜгҖӮзҒ«еұұзҒ°дҝқжҠӨдәҶжңүжңәжқҗж–ҷе’Ңе»әзӯ‘з»ҶиҠӮпјҢиҝҷдәӣеңЁе…¶д»–еҗҢдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖдёӯеҫҲе°‘иғҪдҝқеӯҳдёӢжқҘгҖӮ.
й•ҝеҹҺжҳҜе…¬е…ғеүҚ7дё–зәӘиҮіе…¬е…ғ17дё–зәӘеӨҡдёӘжңқд»Јдҝ®е»әзҡ„е®ҸдјҹйҳІеҫЎдҪ“зі»пјҢжҖ»й•ҝзәҰ21,000е…¬йҮҢгҖӮиҝҷдёҖеҸӨд»ЈйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶдёӯеӣҪеҗ„дёӘз»ҹжІ»ж—¶жңҹзҡ„еҶӣдәӢзӯ–з•ҘгҖҒе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜе’Ңз»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮй•ҝеҹҺз©ҝи¶ҠеӨҡж ·ең°еҪўпјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶдёӨеҚғе№ҙжқҘйҳІеҫЎе·ҘдәӢе»әзӯ‘зҡ„жј”еҸҳгҖӮ.
жі•еӣҪеҚЎзәіе…Ӣ
еҚЎзәіе…Ӣзҹійҳөз”ұ3000еӨҡеқ—еҸІеүҚе·Ёзҹіз»„жҲҗпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ4500е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢз»ө延зәҰ4е…¬йҮҢгҖӮиҝҷеӨ„йҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶеёғеҲ—еЎ”е°јж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫдјҡзҡ„е»әзӯ‘иғҪеҠӣе’ҢеҸҜиғҪзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—гҖӮзҹіеӨҙжҺ’еҲ—жҲҗе№іиЎҢзҡ„иЎҢеҲ—пјҢжҳҜ欧жҙІжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„е·ЁзҹізҫӨд№ӢдёҖпјҢдёәдәҶи§Је»әйҖ иҝҷдәӣе·Ёзҹізҡ„дәәзҡ„зӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶзәҝзҙўгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰе°јиҘҝдәҡпјҢй©¬ж јжң—
иҝҷеә§8дё–зәӘзҡ„дҪӣж•ҷеҜәеәҷз”ұд№қдёӘеҸ еҠ зҡ„е№іеҸ°з»„жҲҗпјҢеҢ…еҗ«504е°ҠдҪӣеғҸе’Ң2672еқ—жө®йӣ•жқҝгҖӮе©ҶзҪ—жө®еұ еұ•зӨәдәҶдёӯзҲӘе“ҮдҪӣж•ҷе»әзӯ‘зҡ„еҸ‘еұ•пјҢиһҚеҗҲдәҶеҚ°еәҰе°јиҘҝдәҡе»әзӯ‘дј з»ҹдёҺеҚ°еәҰжЁЎејҸгҖӮжө®йӣ•жҸҸз»ҳдәҶдҪӣйҷҖз”ҹе№іеңәжҷҜе’ҢдҪӣж•ҷе®Үе®ҷи§Ӯзҡ„еҶҚзҺ°гҖӮдёҠдёүеұӮдёәеңҶеҪўе№іеҸ°пјҢеёҰжңүй•Ӯз©әзҡ„зӘЈе өеқЎпјӣдёӢе…ӯеұӮдёәж–№еҪўе№іеҸ°пјҢеўҷдёҠжңүжө®йӣ•гҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶеӨҸиҝһзү№жӢүзҺӢжңқзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’Ңе»әзӯ‘ж–№жі•гҖӮ.
еқҰжЎ‘е°јдәҡеҹәе°”з“ҰеІӣ
иҝҷеә§жёҜеҸЈеҹҺеёӮеңЁ13иҮі16дё–зәӘжҳҜиҝһжҺҘйқһжҙІгҖҒйҳҝжӢүдјҜе’ҢдәҡжҙІзҡ„дё»иҰҒиҙёжҳ“дёӯеҝғгҖӮеҹәе°”з“Ұе®ҡеұ…зӮ№йҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӨ§е®«ж®ҝгҖҒеҮ еә§жё…зңҹеҜәе’ҢдҪҸе®…еҢәзӯүзҹіз»“жһ„е»әзӯ‘пјҢиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘и®°еҪ•дәҶдёңйқһжө·еІёзҡ„з»ҸжөҺе’Ңе»әзӯ‘еҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖжҳҫзӨәдәҶж–Ҝз“ҰеёҢйҮҢж–ҮеҢ–е’ҢдјҠж–Ҝе…°е»әзӯ‘дј з»ҹзҡ„еҪұе“ҚгҖӮзЎ¬еёҒзҡ„еҸ‘зҺ°е’ҢиҝӣеҸЈйҷ¶з“·дёәеҚ°еәҰжҙӢеҜ№еІёдёҺжіўж–ҜгҖҒеҚ°еәҰе’ҢдёӯеӣҪзҡ„е№ҝжіӣиҙёжҳ“жҸҗдҫӣдәҶиҜҒжҚ®гҖӮ.
зҺ»еҲ©з»ҙдәҡжӢүе·ҙж–ҜзңҒ
иҝҷдёӘеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖжӣҫжҳҜе…¬е…ғеүҚ300е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ1000е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙдёҖдёӘйҮҚиҰҒж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„дёӯеҝғгҖӮи’Ӯз“Ұзәіеә“йҖҡиҝҮе…¶йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”гҖҒзҘһеәҷе’Ңе·ЁзҹіеғҸеұ•зӨәдәҶе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„зҹіжқҗе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҒ—иҝ№и®°еҪ•дәҶдёҖдёӘжө·жӢ”зәҰ3,840зұій«ҳзҡ„зӨҫдјҡзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„гҖӮж•ҙдёӘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨеҢ…жӢ¬йҳҝеҚЎеё•зәійҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”е’ҢеҚЎжӢүиҗЁиҗЁдәҡзҘһеәҷпјҢе®ғ们具жңүеӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰдёҠзҡ„еҜ№йҪҗзү№еҫҒгҖӮ.
иӢұж је…°еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎ
иҝҷеә§ж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јзҡ„зәӘеҝөзў‘з”ұеӨҡдёӘзҹіеңҲз»„жҲҗпјҢеӣӣе‘ЁзҺҜз»•зқҖж·ұж·ұзҡ„жІҹжё е’Ңеңҹе ӨпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ2850е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2200е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙгҖӮеҹғеӨ«дјҜйҮҢе·ЁзҹійҳөжҳҜ欧жҙІжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еҸІеүҚзәӘеҝөзў‘д№ӢдёҖпјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶиӢұж је…°еҚ—йғЁж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫзҫӨе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӨ–еңҲзҹійҳөе’ҢдёӨдёӘиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„еҶ…еңҲзҹійҳөпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶиҝҷдәӣж—©жңҹеҶңдёҡзӨҫдјҡзҡ„д»ӘејҸжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮ.
еңҹиҖіе…¶пјҢд№Ңе°”жі•
е“Ҙиҙқе…ӢеҠӣзҹійҳөеҢ…еҗ«е…¬е…ғеүҚдёҖдёҮе№ҙзҡ„зҹійҖ зҘһеәҷз»“жһ„пјҢеңҶеҪўжҺ’еҲ—зҡ„йӣ•еҲ»зҹіжҹұдёҠйҘ°жңүеҠЁзү©жө®йӣ•е’ҢеҮ дҪ•еӣҫжЎҲгҖӮиҝҷеә§зҘһеәҷз»јеҗҲдҪ“жҳҜе·ІзҹҘдәәзұ»еҺҶеҸІдёҠжңҖеҸӨиҖҒзҡ„зәӘеҝөжҖ§е»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖпјҢдёәзҗҶи§Јж—©жңҹж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫеҢәзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„жҸҗдҫӣдәҶзәҝзҙўгҖӮTеҪўзҹізҒ°еІ©жҹұй«ҳиҫҫ5.5зұіпјҢйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁгҖӮжө®йӣ•жҸҸз»ҳдәҶзӢҗзӢёгҖҒиӣҮгҖҒйҮҺзҢӘгҖҒй№ӨзӯүеҠЁзү©гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶд»ҺзӢ©зҢҺйҮҮйӣҶзӨҫдјҡеҗ‘е®ҡеұ…з”ҹжҙ»зҡ„иҪ¬еҸҳпјҢ并д»Һж №жң¬дёҠж”№еҸҳдәҶдәә们еҜ№дәәзұ»ж–ҮжҳҺеҸ‘еұ•зҡ„и®ӨиҜҶгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“Ҙз“Ұе“ҲеҚЎ
иҝҷдёӘеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖжҳҜдёӯзҫҺжҙІжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„иҖғеҸӨз»јеҗҲдҪ“д№ӢдёҖпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶи¶…иҝҮ1,500е№ҙзҡ„жҢҒз»ӯеҚ йўҶгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖжӢҘжңүжўҜз”°з»“жһ„гҖҒеҢ…жӢ¬ж°ҙеққе’ҢиҝҗжІіеңЁеҶ…зҡ„ж°ҙеҲ©зі»з»ҹгҖҒеӨҡеә§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”д»ҘеҸҠдәәе·ҘеңҹдёҳгҖӮи’ҷзү№йҳҝе°”зҸӯжӣҫжҳҜиҗЁжіўзү№е…Ӣж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„зӨјд»Әе’Ңж”ҝжІ»дёӯеҝғпјҢдёәдәҶи§Је…¶д»Һе…¬е…ғеүҚ500е№ҙеҲ°е…¬е…ғ850е№ҙй—ҙзҡ„е»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶи§Ҷи§’гҖӮ.
еңҹиҖіе…¶пјҢеҶ…еӨ«и°ўеёҢе°”
иҝҷдәӣйӣ•еҲ»еңЁеҚЎеё•еӨҡз»ҶдәҡзҒ«еұұеІ©еұӮдёӯзҡ„жҙһз©ҙдҪҸе®…пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶиҮӘжӢңеҚ еәӯж—¶жңҹд»ҘжқҘжҸҗдҫӣдәҶж•°зҷҫе№ҙеәҮжҠӨе’ҢдҝқжҠӨзҡ„еҸӨиҖҒе»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдәӣз»“жһ„жҳҜеңЁжҹ”иҪҜзҡ„еҮқзҒ°еІ©еұӮдёӯжҢ–жҺҳиҖҢжҲҗпјҢеҪўжҲҗдәҶеёҰжңүеұ…дҪҸеҢәгҖҒеӮЁи—ҸеҢәе’ҢзӨјжӢңе Ӯзҡ„еӨҚжқӮең°дёӢиҒҡиҗҪгҖӮжҙһз©ҙдҪҸе®…зҡ„еӨ©з„¶йҡ”зғӯеұӮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№жһҒз«Ҝжё©еәҰзҡ„дҝқжҠӨпјҢиҖҢеӨҡеұӮе»әзӯ‘зҫӨйҖҡиҝҮйҡ§йҒ“е’Ңз«–дә•зӣёиҝһгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶж—©жңҹзӨҫдјҡеҰӮдҪ•еҲ©з”ЁиҮӘ然ең°иҙЁзү№еҫҒжқҘеҲӣйҖ жҢҒз»ӯж•°зҷҫе№ҙжңүдәәеұ…дҪҸзҡ„жҢҒд№…зӨҫеҢәпјҢдёәдёҘй…·зҺҜеўғдёӯзҡ„е»әйҖ ж–№жі•гҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢйҖӮеә”зӯ–з•ҘжҸҗдҫӣдәҶи§Ғи§ЈгҖӮ.
жҲҲдҪҗеІӣпјҢ马иҖід»–
马иҖід»–зҡ„е·ЁзҹізҘһеәҷзҫӨз”ұ马иҖід»–еІӣе’ҢжҲҲдҪҗеІӣдёҠзҡ„еӨҡдёӘеҸІеүҚзҘһеәҷе»әзӯ‘зҫӨз»„жҲҗгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҹіз»“жһ„е»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ3600е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖеҸӨиҖҒзҡ„зӢ¬з«Ӣе»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖгҖӮзҘһеәҷеұ•зҺ°дәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…е…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜпјҢ他们еңЁжІЎжңүйҮ‘еұһе·Ҙе…·зҡ„жғ…еҶөдёӢеҠ е·Ҙе’Ңиҝҗиҫ“еӨ§еһӢзҹізҒ°еІ©еқ—гҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҒ—еқҖжӢҘжңүеӨҚжқӮзҡ„е»әзӯ‘еёғеұҖпјҢи®ҫжңүеӨҡдёӘеҚҠеңҶеҪўеҗҺж®ҝпјҢ并жҸҗдҫӣиЈ…йҘ°жҖ§зҹійӣ•е’ҢзҘӯеқӣгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҘһеәҷе»әзӯ‘зҫӨи®°еҪ•дәҶең°дёӯжө·ең°еҢәж–°зҹіеҷЁж–ҮжҳҺж—¶жңҹзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„гҖӮ.
еҘҘе…Ӣе°јпјҢиӢҸж је…°
ж–ҜеҚЎжӢүеёғйӣ·жҳҜдҪҚдәҺеҘҘе…Ӣе°јзҫӨеІӣж–ҜеҮҜе°”ж№ҫзҡ„дёҖеӨ„ж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖе№ҙд»ЈзәҰдёәе…¬е…ғеүҚ3200е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2200е№ҙпјҢз”ұе…«еә§зӣёиҝһзҡ„зҹіеұӢз»„жҲҗгҖӮиҝҷйҮҢеҸҜд»ҘзңӢеҲ°еёҰжңүзҹіеәҠгҖҒзҹіжһ¶е’ҢдёӯеӨ®зҒ«еЎҳзҡ„дҪҸе®…з»“жһ„гҖӮжҲҝеұӢйҖҡиҝҮжңүйЎ¶зҡ„йҖҡйҒ“зӣёиҝһпјҢ并з”ұжІҷеңҹдҝқжҠӨгҖӮж–ҜеҚЎжӢүеёғйӣ·и®©жҲ‘们дәҶи§Јж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫеҢәзҡ„з”ҹжҙ»ж–№ејҸе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮжңүжңәзү©иҙЁзҡ„дҝқеӯҳзҠ¶еҶөиүҜеҘҪпјҢдҪҝдәә们иғҪеӨҹз ”з©¶иҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„е·Ҙе…·е’Ң家еұ…з”Ёе“ҒгҖӮ.
ж–ҜйҮҢе…°еҚЎдёӯеӨ®зңҒ
иҝҷеә§дә”дё–зәӘзҡ„е Ўеһ’е®«ж®ҝе»әеңЁдёҖеә§200зұій«ҳзҡ„иҠұеІ—еІ©еІ©зҹідёҠпјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶж—©жңҹдёӯдё–зәӘж–ҜйҮҢе…°еҚЎзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’Ңе·ҘзЁӢеҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҜҘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨе°ҶйҳІеҫЎз»“жһ„дёҺеЈҒз”»е’Ңж°ҙдёҠиҠұеӣӯзӣёз»“еҗҲпјҢиҜҒжҳҺдәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…зҡ„иүәжңҜжҠҖе·§е’Ңж°ҙеҠӣзҹҘиҜҶгҖӮй”ЎеҗүйҮҢиҖ¶жҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№иҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„ж”ҝжІ»е’Ңж–ҮеҢ–з»“жһ„зҡ„жҙһеҜҹгҖӮйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӣһе»ҠгҖҒйңІеҸ°е’ҢдёҖзі»еҲ—и“„ж°ҙжұ пјҢиҝҷдәӣи“„ж°ҙжұ иҜҒжҳҺдәҶеҪ“ж—¶е…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„ж°ҙиө„жәҗз®ЎзҗҶгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰ马е“ҲжӢүж–Ҫзү№жӢүйӮҰ
йҳҝж—ғйҷҖзҹізӘҹдҪҚдәҺ马е“ҲжӢүж–Ҫзү№жӢүйӮҰпјҢжҳҜеңЁй©¬и№„еҪўзҡ„еІ©еЈҒдёҠејҖеҮҝзҡ„30еә§дҪӣж•ҷзҹізӘҹеҜәеәҷпјҢе§Ӣе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ2дё–зәӘгҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮжҸҸз»ҳдҪӣйҷҖз”ҹе№іеҸҠжң¬з”ҹж•…дәӢзҡ„еЈҒз”»е’ҢзІҫз»Ҷзҡ„зҹійӣ•жө®йӣ•пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶдҪӣж•ҷиүәжңҜдёҺе»әзӯ‘зҡ„еҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҝҷдәӣеҜәеәҷжӣҫз”ЁдҪңеғ§дҫЈзҡ„зҘҲзҘ·еҺ…е’Ңеұ…жүҖпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶж•°дёӘдё–зәӘд»ҘжқҘзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’ҢиүәжңҜжҠҖиүәгҖӮ.
з§ҳйІҒзәіж–ҜеҚЎжІҷжј
зәіж–ҜеҚЎзәҝжқЎжҳҜзәіж–ҜеҚЎж–ҮеҢ–еңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ500е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ500е№ҙй—ҙдәҺжІҷжј ең°йқўдёҠеҲӣдҪңзҡ„дёҖз»„ең°йқўеӣҫз”»гҖӮиҝҷдәӣеӣҫз”»зӣҙеҫ„д»Һ50зұіеҲ°300зұідёҚзӯүпјҢжҸҸз»ҳдәҶеҮ дҪ•еӣҫеҪўгҖҒжӨҚзү©пјҢд»ҘеҸҠеҢ…жӢ¬иңӮйёҹгҖҒиңҳиӣӣгҖҒзҢҙеӯҗе’ҢйІёйұјеңЁеҶ…зҡ„70еӨҡз§ҚеҠЁзү©еҪўиұЎгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзәҝжқЎжҳҜйҖҡиҝҮ移йҷӨж°§еҢ–иЎЁеұӮпјҢйңІеҮәиҫғжө…зҡ„дёӢеұӮеңҹеЈӨиҖҢеҲ¶жҲҗзҡ„гҖӮе®ғ们记еҪ•дәҶзәіж–ҜеҚЎзӨҫдјҡзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮзҹҘиҜҶе’Ңд»ӘејҸе®һи·өпјҢ并жҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№иҝҷдёҖеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹж–ҮжҳҺжҠҖжңҜиғҪеҠӣзҡ„жҙһеҜҹгҖӮ.
еҹғеҸҠеҚўе…Ӣзҙў
еёқзҺӢи°·еҶ…жңү63еә§ең°дёӢеў“е®ӨпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ16дё–зәӘиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ11дё–зәӘпјҢжҳҜдёәж–°зҺӢеӣҪж—¶жңҹзҡ„жі•иҖҒе’Ңй«ҳзә§иҙөж—Ҹе»әйҖ зҡ„гҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮдҝқеӯҳзҡ„еЈҒз”»гҖҒиұЎеҪўж–Үеӯ—е’Ңе»әзӯ‘з»“жһ„пјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠзҡ„дё§и‘¬д№ дҝ—е’Ңе®—ж•ҷдҝЎд»°гҖӮеў“е®ӨејҖеҮҝеңЁзҹізҒ°еІ©жӮ¬еҙ–дёӯпјҢиЈ…йҘ°жңүжҸҸз»ҳжқҘдё–зҡ„иүәжңҜе“ҒгҖӮиҜҘи°·дёәжі•иҖҒжқғеҠӣгҖҒзӨҫдјҡз»„з»Үд»ҘеҸҠиҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„жүӢе·ҘиүәжҠҖиғҪжҸҗдҫӣдәҶйҮҚиҰҒиҜҒжҚ®гҖӮ.
еҗүиҗЁеӨ§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”жҳҜ第еӣӣзҺӢжңқж—¶жңҹзәҰе…¬е…ғеүҚ2560е№ҙдёәжі•иҖҒиғЎеӨ«е»әйҖ зҡ„дёҖеә§е·ЁеӨ§йҷөеў“гҖӮиҝҷеә§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”дёҺеҹәжң¬ж–№дҪҚзІҫзЎ®еҜ№йҪҗпјҢ并зІҫзЎ®ж”ҫзҪ®дәҶзәҰ230дёҮеқ—зҹізҒ°еІ©еқ—пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠдәәе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„ж•°еӯҰе’Ңе·ҘзЁӢзҹҘиҜҶгҖӮе…¶еҺҹе§Ӣй«ҳеәҰдёә146зұіпјҢеңЁиҝ‘4000е№ҙй—ҙдёҖзӣҙжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖй«ҳзҡ„дәәйҖ е»әзӯ‘гҖӮеҗүиҗЁеӨ§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”дҪ“зҺ°дәҶ丧葬е»әзӯ‘еңЁеҸӨеҹғеҸҠе®—ж•ҷдҝЎд»°е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»Үдёӯзҡ„ж ёеҝғдҪңз”ЁгҖӮ.
еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎпјҢиӢұж је…°
е·ЁзҹійҳөжҳҜдҪҚдәҺиӢұж је…°еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎзҡ„дёҖеӨ„еҸІеүҚйҒ—иҝ№пјҢз”ұе·ЁеӨ§зҡ„иҗЁе°”жЈ®зҹіе’Ңиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„и“қзҹіжҺ’еҲ—жҲҗеңҶеҪўгҖӮиҜҘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Је’Ңйқ’й“ңж—¶д»ЈзӨҫдјҡе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰзҹҘиҜҶе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮе…¶е»әйҖ еҲҶеӨҡдёӘйҳ¶ж®өиҝӣиЎҢпјҢж—¶й—ҙеӨ§зәҰеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ3000е№ҙиҮіеүҚ1500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙгҖӮз»“жһ„еҢ…жӢ¬еӨ–еңҲзҡ„дёүзҹіеЎ”гҖҒеҶ…йғЁзҡ„马蹄еҪўжҺ’еҲ—пјҢд»ҘеҸҠе‘Ёеӣҙзҡ„жІҹжё е’Ңеңҹе ӨгҖӮе®ғдёҺеҶ¬иҮіе’ҢеӨҸиҮізҡ„зІҫзЎ®еҜ№йҪҗиЎЁжҳҺе…¶е…·жңүе®—ж•ҷе’Ңд»ӘејҸз”ЁйҖ”гҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁпјҲжңҖйҮҚиҫҫ25еҗЁпјүзҡ„зҹіеқ—иў«иҝңи·қзҰ»иҝҗиҫ“пјҢиҝҷжҳҫзӨәдәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…зҡ„з»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
з§ҳйІҒеә“ж–Ҝ科еӨ§еҢә
马дёҳжҜ”дёҳжҳҜдёҖеә§15дё–зәӘзҡ„еҚ°еҠ еҹҺеёӮпјҢдҪҚдәҺе®ү第ж–Ҝеұұи„үпјҢжө·жӢ”зәҰ2430зұігҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖз”ұеҚ°еҠ зҡҮеёқеё•жҹҘеә“зү№е…ӢдёӢд»Өе»әйҖ пјҢеҢ…еҗ«200еӨҡеә§зҹіз»“жһ„е»әзӯ‘пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬зҘһеәҷгҖҒдҪҸжүҖгҖҒжўҜз”°е’Ңдҫӣж°ҙзі»з»ҹгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҹҺеёӮеұ•зӨәдәҶж— йңҖзҒ°жөҶзҡ„зІҫеҜҶзҹіз ҢжҠҖжңҜе’ҢжўҜз”°еҶңдёҡжҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдёҖйҒ—еқҖжҸӯзӨәдәҶиҘҝзҸӯзүҷеҫҒжңҚеүҚеҚ°еҠ ж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„еҹҺеёӮ规еҲ’гҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’Ңе»әзӯ‘иғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
дёӯеӣҪпјҢиҘҝе®ү
иҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…еҗ«ж•°еҚғдёӘзңҹдәәеӨ§е°Ҹзҡ„йҷ¶дҝ‘пјҢд»ЈиЎЁз§Ұжңқзҡ„еЈ«е…өгҖҒ马еҢ№гҖҒжҲҳиҪҰе’Ңе®ҳе‘ҳгҖӮе…ө马дҝ‘е»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ221е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ210е№ҙпјҢз”ЁжқҘйҷӘдјҙз§Ұе§ӢзҡҮеңЁжқҘдё–гҖӮжҜҸдёӘйҷ¶дҝ‘йғҪжңүзӢ¬зү№зҡ„и„ёйғЁзү№еҫҒгҖҒеҸ‘еһӢе’ҢеҶӣиЎ”ж ҮиҜҶгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳзҺ°еңәи·Ёи¶ҠеӨҡдёӘеқ‘пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨд»ЈдёӯеӣҪй«ҳи¶…зҡ„е·Ҙиүәе’ҢеҶӣдәӢз»„з»ҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖдәҺ1974е№ҙиў«еҶңж°‘еҸ‘зҺ°пјҢ并继з»ӯжҸӯзӨәжңүе…іеҪ“ж—¶зҡ„дё§и‘¬д№ дҝ—е’ҢиүәжңҜжҠҖе·§зҡ„з»ҶиҠӮгҖӮ.
ж„ҸеӨ§еҲ©зҪ—马
иҝҷеә§еҸӨзҪ—马з«һжҠҖеңәе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғ70е№ҙиҮі80е№ҙй—ҙпјҢз”ұеј—жӢүз»ҙзҺӢжңқзҡ„зҡҮеёқ们дҝ®е»әпјҢеҸҜе®№зәізәҰ5дёҮеҗҚи§Ӯдј—гҖӮж–—е…Ҫеңәз”ЁдәҺдёҫеҠһи§’ж–—еЈ«жҜ”иөӣгҖҒзӢ©зҢҺйҮҺе…Ҫд»ҘеҸҠе…¬е…ұиЎЁжј”пјҢиҝҷдәӣжҙ»еҠЁжҳҜзҪ—马зӨҫдјҡе’Ңж”ҝжІ»зҡ„ж ёеҝғгҖӮе…¶жӨӯеңҶеҪўз»“жһ„жңүеӣӣеұӮжҘјй«ҳпјҢ并й…ҚжңүеӨҚжқӮзҡ„йҖҡйҒ“е’Ңең°дёӢжҲҝй—ҙпјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶзҪ—马еёқеӣҪеңЁз®ЎзҗҶеӨ§и§„жЁЎеЁұд№җжҙ»еҠЁж–№йқўжүҖе…·еӨҮзҡ„е…Ҳиҝӣе·ҘзЁӢжҠҖжңҜе’Ңз»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮ.
зәҰж—ҰпјҢ马е®үзңҒ
дҪ©зү№жӢүжҳҜзәіе·ҙжі°дәәеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ4дё–зәӘдәҺзәҰж—ҰеҚ—йғЁз ӮеІ©жӮ¬еҙ–дёҠе»әйҖ зҡ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҸӨеҹҺдҪҚдәҺиҝһжҺҘйҳҝжӢүдјҜгҖҒеҹғеҸҠе’Ңең°дёӯжө·зҡ„е•Ҷйҳҹи·ҜзәҝдәӨжұҮеӨ„пјҢжӣҫжҳҜйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„иҙёжҳ“дёӯеҝғгҖӮе…¶дё»иҰҒе»әзӯ‘еҢ…жӢ¬еІ©зҹійӣ•еҲ»зҡ„е®қеә“гҖҒдҝ®йҒ“йҷўе’ҢзҪ—马时代зҡ„еңҶеҪўеү§еңәгҖӮеҹҺеёӮзҡ„дҫӣж°ҙзі»з»ҹз”ұж°ҙжё гҖҒи“„ж°ҙжұ е’Ңж°ҙеққз»„жҲҗпјҢдҪҝе…¶иғҪеӨҹеңЁе№Іж—ұзҺҜеўғдёӯз”ҹеӯҳгҖӮиҝҷеә§зәіе·ҙжі°йҰ–йғҪеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨд»Јж–ҮжҳҺе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е·ҘзЁӢе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮ.
йӣ…е…ёеҚ«еҹҺжҳҜдёҖеә§еҸӨиҖҒзҡ„еҹҺе ЎпјҢдҪҚдәҺеҹҺеёӮдёҠж–№зҡ„еІ©зҹіеұұдёҳдёҠгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…еҗ«дәҶе…¬е…ғеүҚ5дё–зәӘиҮі4дё–зәӘе»әйҖ зҡ„её•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷгҖҒеҺ„з‘һе…Ӣеҝ’зҝҒзҘһеәҷгҖҒйӣ…е…ёеЁңиғңеҲ©зҘһеәҷе’Ңеұұй—ЁгҖӮиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘еұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨе…ёеёҢи…Ҡзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’ҢиүәжңҜжҲҗе°ұпјҢ并用дәҺе®—ж•ҷе’Ңд»ӘејҸзӣ®зҡ„гҖӮеё•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷдҫӣеҘүеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңпјҢиҖҢеҺ„з‘һе…Ӣеҝ’зҝҒзҘһеәҷеҲҷдҫӣеҘүеӨҡдҪҚзҘһзҘҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖи§ҒиҜҒдәҶйӣ…е…ёеңЁеҸӨе…ёж—¶жңҹж”ҝжІ»е’Ңж–ҮеҢ–дёҠзҡ„йҮҚиҰҒең°дҪҚгҖӮ.
жҷәеҲ©пјҢеӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣ
еӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣзҹіеғҸжҳҜжӢүеё•еҠӘдјҠдәәеңЁе…¬е…ғ1250е№ҙиҮі1500е№ҙй—ҙеңЁеҒҸиҝңзҡ„еӨҚжҙ»иҠӮеІӣдёҠйӣ•еҲ»зҡ„е·ЁеһӢзҹіеғҸгҖӮиҝҷдәӣиў«з§°дёәж‘©иүҫзҡ„зҹіеғҸз”ұзҒ«еұұеҮқзҒ°еІ©йӣ•еҲ»иҖҢжҲҗпјҢеҫҲеҸҜиғҪд»ЈиЎЁе·Іж•…зҡ„зҘ–е…ҲжҲ–й…Ӣй•ҝгҖӮзҹіеғҸй«ҳеәҰд»Һ4зұіеҲ°10зұідёҚзӯүпјҢйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁгҖӮе®ғ们被иҝҗйҖҒеҲ°еІӣдёҠеҗ„еӨ„пјҢ并被竖з«ӢеңЁз§°дёәйҳҝиғЎзҡ„зҹіеҸ°дёҠгҖӮж‘©иүҫеұ•зӨәдәҶеңЁжһҒеәҰең°зҗҶйҡ”зҰ»дёӯеҸ‘еұ•иө·жқҘзҡ„жіўеҲ©е°јиҘҝдәҡзӨҫдјҡзҡ„жҠҖжңҜиғҪеҠӣе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“ҘпјҢе°ӨеҚЎеқҰе·һ
иҝҷеә§еүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„еҹҺеёӮжҳҜе°ӨеҚЎеқҰеҚҠеІӣдёҠзҺӣйӣ…ж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„дё»иҰҒдёӯеҝғгҖӮеҘҮзҗҙдјҠеҜҹжӢҘжңүй«ҳ30зұізҡ„еә“еә“е°”еқҺйҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”пјҢе®ғжңүд№қдёӘе№іеҸ°е’ҢеӣӣдёӘжҘјжўҜпјҢжҜҸдёӘжҘјжўҜжңү91зә§еҸ°йҳ¶гҖӮиҜҘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬дёҖдёӘеӨ§зҗғеңәгҖҒжҲҳеЈ«зҘһеәҷгҖҒеҹғе°”еҚЎжӢү科尔еӨ©ж–ҮеҸ°пјҢд»ҘеҸҠз”ЁдәҺе®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸзҡ„еӨ©з„¶дә•вҖ”вҖ”еңЈдә•гҖӮиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘еұ•зӨәдәҶе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰе’Ңж•°еӯҰзҹҘиҜҶпјҢиһҚеҗҲдәҶзҺӣйӣ…е»әзӯ‘е…ғзҙ дёҺеўЁиҘҝе“ҘдёӯйғЁзҡ„еҪұе“ҚгҖӮ.
жҹ¬еҹ”еҜЁжҡ№зІ’
еҗҙе“ҘзӘҹжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еҜәеәҷзҫӨпјҢе»әдәҺ12дё–зәӘпјҢжңҖеҲқжҳҜеҚ°еәҰж•ҷеңЈең°пјҢеҗҺжқҘж”№дҪңдёәдҪӣж•ҷеңәжүҖгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеҚ ең°зәҰ162е…¬йЎ·пјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶй«ҳжЈүеёқеӣҪй«ҳи¶…зҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜпјҢеҢ…жӢ¬зІҫз»Ҷзҡ„зҹіз ҢгҖҒж°ҙеҲ©зі»з»ҹе’ҢеӨ©ж–ҮеҜ№йҪҗгҖӮдә”еә§еЎ”иұЎеҫҒзқҖзҘһиҜқдёӯзҡ„йЎ»ејҘеұұпјҢе®Ҫйҳ”зҡ„еӣһе»ҠдёҠжңүжҸҸз»ҳе®—ж•ҷж•…дәӢе’ҢеҺҶеҸІдәӢ件зҡ„жө®йӣ•гҖӮ.
ж„ҸеӨ§еҲ©еқҺеё•е°јдәҡеӨ§еҢә
иҝҷеә§еҸӨеҹҺеӣ е…¬е…ғ79е№ҙз»ҙиӢҸеЁҒзҒ«еұұе–·еҸ‘иҖҢиў«зҒ«еұұзҒ°жҺ©еҹӢпјҢд»ҺиҖҢеҫ—д»ҘдҝқеӯҳгҖӮеәһиҙқдёәдәә们жҸҗдҫӣдәҶдәҶи§ЈзҪ—马дәәж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»зҡ„з»қдҪіи§Ҷи§’пјҢжҲҝеұӢгҖҒзҘһеәҷгҖҒеү§йҷўгҖҒжөҙеңәе’Ңе…¬е…ұе№ҝеңәйғҪе®ҢеҘҪж— жҚҹгҖӮиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖдёӯеҸҜд»ҘзңӢеҲ°еёҰжңүж·ұж·ұиҪҰиҫҷзҡ„иЎ—йҒ“гҖҒеҲ«еў…еўҷеЈҒдёҠзҡ„еЈҒз”»гҖҒе·ҘеқҠпјҢз”ҡиҮіиҝҳжңүзҒҫйҡҫдёӯйҒҮйҡҫеұ…ж°‘зҡ„зҹіиҶҸй“ёеғҸгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳе·ҘдҪңжҸӯзӨәдәҶзҪ—马дәәзҡ„е»әзӯ‘ж–№жі•гҖҒзӨҫдјҡзӯүзә§гҖҒиҙёжҳ“д№ дҝ—д»ҘеҸҠиҝҷдёҖйҮҚиҰҒеҸӨд»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№зҡ„е®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸзӯүз»ҶиҠӮгҖӮ.
жі•еӣҪеӨҡе°”еӨҡж¶…
иҝҷдёӘжҙһз©ҙдҝқеӯҳзқҖдё–з•ҢдёҠдёҖдәӣжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„ж—§зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јжҙһз©ҙеЈҒз”»гҖӮиҝҷдәӣиүәжңҜе“ҒеҲӣдҪңдәҺеӨ§зәҰ17,000е№ҙеүҚпјҢдё»иҰҒжҸҸз»ҳдәҶеӨ§еһӢеҠЁзү©пјҢеҰӮеҺҹзүӣгҖҒ马е’Ңй№ҝгҖӮжӢүж–Ҝ科жҙһз©ҙеЈҒз”»и®©дәә们дәҶи§Јж—§зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јдәә们зҡ„иүәжңҜиғҪеҠӣе’Ңж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»гҖӮеҺҹе§Ӣжҙһз©ҙиҮӘ1963е№ҙиө·е…ій—ӯпјҢдҪҶеӨҚеҲ¶е“Ғи®©жёёе®ўиғҪеӨҹдҪ“йӘҢиҝҷдәӣеҸІеүҚиүәжңҜдҪңе“ҒгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰйҳҝж јжӢү
泰姬йҷөжҳҜдёҖеә§иұЎзүҷзҷҪиүІзҡ„еӨ§зҗҶзҹійҷөеў“пјҢдҪҚдәҺдәҡз©ҶзәіжІіеҸіеІёгҖӮиҺ«еҚ§е„ҝзҡҮеёқжІҷиҙҫжұ—дәҺ1632е№ҙиҮі1653е№ҙй—ҙдёәе·Іж•…еҰ»еӯҗз©Ҷ塔兹·马е“Ҳе°”е»әйҖ дәҶиҝҷеә§зәӘеҝөе»әзӯ‘гҖӮиҜҘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨиһҚеҗҲдәҶжіўж–ҜгҖҒдјҠж–Ҝе…°е’ҢеҚ°еәҰзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е…ғзҙ пјҢеҢ…жӢ¬дёӯеӨ®зҡ„еңҶйЎ¶еў“е®ӨгҖҒеӣӣеә§з»Ҷй•ҝзҡ„е®ЈзӨјеЎ”гҖҒдёҖеә§жё…зңҹеҜәе’Ңе№ҝйҳ”зҡ„еӣӯжһ—гҖӮеӨ§зҗҶзҹіеўҷеЈҒдёҠ镶еөҢзқҖзІҫзҫҺзҡ„еҚҠе®қзҹізҹійӣ•е·ҘиүәгҖӮиҝҷеә§зәӘеҝөзў‘еҚ ең°зәҰ17е…¬йЎ·пјҢжҳҜиҺ«еҚ§е„ҝж—¶жңҹжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„е»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖгҖӮ.
еҠӘжҜ”дәҡпјҢеҹғеҸҠ
йҳҝеёғиҫӣиҙқзҘһеәҷжҳҜдёӨеә§е®Ҹдјҹзҡ„еІ©зҹізҘһеәҷпјҢз”ұжӢүзҫҺиҘҝж–ҜдәҢдё–дәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ13дё–зәӘе»әйҖ гҖӮиҝҷеӨ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠзҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜе’Ңе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—гҖӮиҫғеӨ§зҡ„зҘһеәҷжҳҜзҢ®з»ҷжӢүзҫҺиҘҝж–ҜдәҢдё–жң¬дәәзҡ„пјҢжӯЈйқўжңүеӣӣе°Ҡжі•иҖҒзҡ„е·ЁеӨ§йӣ•еғҸпјҢжҜҸе°Ҡй«ҳ20зұігҖӮиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„зҘһеәҷжҳҜзҢ®з»ҷд»–зҡ„зҺӢеҗҺеҘҲиҙ№е°”еЎ”еҲ©е’ҢеҘізҘһе“Ҳжүҳе°”зҡ„гҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҘһеәҷеңЁ1960е№ҙд»Јиў«жҗ¬иҝҒеҲ°жӣҙй«ҳзҡ„ең°ж–№пјҢд»ҘдҝқжҠӨе®ғ们е…ҚеҸ—зәіиөӣе°”ж№–дёҠж¶Ёж°ҙдҪҚзҡ„еЁҒиғҒгҖӮ.
йӣ…е…ёпјҢеёҢи…Ҡ
её•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷжҳҜйӣ…е…ёеҚ«еҹҺдёҠзҡ„дёҖеә§жҳ”ж—ҘзҘһеәҷпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ5дё–зәӘпјҢеҪ“ж—¶жӯЈеҖјйӣ…е…ёеҠҝеҠӣзҡ„йјҺзӣӣж—¶жңҹпјҢдҫӣеҘүеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңгҖӮиҝҷеә§еҸӨд»ЈйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮе…¶еӨҡз«Ӣе…ӢжҹұејҸгҖҒзІҫзЎ®зҡ„жҜ”дҫӢд»ҘеҸҠжҸҸз»ҳе®—ж•ҷе’ҢзҘһиҜқеңәжҷҜзҡ„еӨ§зҗҶзҹійӣ•еЎ‘пјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶеҸӨе…ёеёҢи…Ҡж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’ҢиүәжңҜиғҪеҠӣгҖӮеё•зү№еҶңзҘһеәҷжӣҫдҪңдёәе®қеә“е’Ңе®—ж•ҷдёӯеҝғпјҢеҸҚжҳ дәҶйӣ…е…ёзҡ„ж”ҝжІ»е®һеҠӣд»ҘеҸҠеҘізҘһйӣ…е…ёеЁңеңЁеҹҺеёӮз”ҹжҙ»дёӯзҡ„ж ёеҝғдҪңз”ЁгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“ҘеҹҺ, еўЁиҘҝе“Ҙ
иҝҷеә§еҸӨд»ЈдёӯзҫҺжҙІеҹҺеёӮе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ100е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ650е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢдҪҚдәҺеўЁиҘҝе“ҘеҹҺйғҠеӨ–пјҢеҚ ең°зәҰ20е№іж–№е…¬йҮҢгҖӮзү№еҘҘи’Ӯз“ҰеқҺйҖҡиҝҮдёӯеӨ®зҡ„вҖңдәЎиҖ…еӨ§йҒ“вҖқгҖҒй«ҳ65зұізҡ„еӨӘйҳійҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”е’ҢжңҲдә®йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶе…¶е»әйҖ иҖ…й«ҳи¶…зҡ„еҹҺеёӮ规еҲ’иғҪеҠӣгҖӮиҝҷеӨ„иҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶзҫҺжҙІжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹеҹҺеёӮд№ӢдёҖзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд»ӘејҸгҖҒе»әзӯ‘е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮ.
еёҢи…ҠеңЈжүҳйҮҢе°ј
еңЈжүҳйҮҢе°јйҳҝе…ӢзҪ—и’ӮйҮҢйҒ—еқҖеҸ‘жҺҳжҸӯзӨәдәҶдёҖдёӘйқ’й“ңж—¶д»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№пјҢе®ғеңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ16дё–зәӘиў«зҒ«еұұе–·еҸ‘жҺ©еҹӢгҖӮиҝҷеә§зұіиҜәж–ҜеҹҺеёӮеҢ…еҗ«еӨҡеұӮе»әзӯ‘пјҢе…¶дёӯдҝқеӯҳе®ҢеҘҪзҡ„еЈҒз”»жҸҸз»ҳдәҶж—Ҙеёёз”ҹжҙ»гҖҒиҮӘ然еңәжҷҜе’Ңе®—ж•ҷж„ҸиұЎгҖӮеҸ‘жҺҳеҮәеңҹдәҶйҷ¶еҷЁгҖҒзҹіеҷЁд»ҘеҸҠе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„жҺ’ж°ҙзі»з»ҹгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖдёәдәҶи§ЈзҲұзҗҙжө·йқ’й“ңж—¶д»Јзҡ„е»әзӯ‘гҖҒиҙёжҳ“зҪ‘з»ңе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶйҮҚиҰҒдҝЎжҒҜгҖӮзҒ«еұұзҒ°дҝқжҠӨдәҶжңүжңәжқҗж–ҷе’Ңе»әзӯ‘з»ҶиҠӮпјҢиҝҷдәӣеңЁе…¶д»–еҗҢдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖдёӯеҫҲе°‘иғҪдҝқеӯҳдёӢжқҘгҖӮ.
й•ҝеҹҺжҳҜе…¬е…ғеүҚ7дё–зәӘиҮіе…¬е…ғ17дё–зәӘеӨҡдёӘжңқд»Јдҝ®е»әзҡ„е®ҸдјҹйҳІеҫЎдҪ“зі»пјҢжҖ»й•ҝзәҰ21,000е…¬йҮҢгҖӮиҝҷдёҖеҸӨд»ЈйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶдёӯеӣҪеҗ„дёӘз»ҹжІ»ж—¶жңҹзҡ„еҶӣдәӢзӯ–з•ҘгҖҒе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜе’Ңз»„з»ҮиғҪеҠӣгҖӮй•ҝеҹҺз©ҝи¶ҠеӨҡж ·ең°еҪўпјҢеұ•зҺ°дәҶдёӨеҚғе№ҙжқҘйҳІеҫЎе·ҘдәӢе»әзӯ‘зҡ„жј”еҸҳгҖӮ.
жі•еӣҪеҚЎзәіе…Ӣ
еҚЎзәіе…Ӣзҹійҳөз”ұ3000еӨҡеқ—еҸІеүҚе·Ёзҹіз»„жҲҗпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ4500е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢз»ө延зәҰ4е…¬йҮҢгҖӮиҝҷеӨ„йҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶеёғеҲ—еЎ”е°јж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫдјҡзҡ„е»әзӯ‘иғҪеҠӣе’ҢеҸҜиғҪзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—гҖӮзҹіеӨҙжҺ’еҲ—жҲҗе№іиЎҢзҡ„иЎҢеҲ—пјҢжҳҜ欧жҙІжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„е·ЁзҹізҫӨд№ӢдёҖпјҢдёәдәҶи§Је»әйҖ иҝҷдәӣе·Ёзҹізҡ„дәәзҡ„зӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶзәҝзҙўгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰе°јиҘҝдәҡпјҢй©¬ж јжң—
иҝҷеә§8дё–зәӘзҡ„дҪӣж•ҷеҜәеәҷз”ұд№қдёӘеҸ еҠ зҡ„е№іеҸ°з»„жҲҗпјҢеҢ…еҗ«504е°ҠдҪӣеғҸе’Ң2672еқ—жө®йӣ•жқҝгҖӮе©ҶзҪ—жө®еұ еұ•зӨәдәҶдёӯзҲӘе“ҮдҪӣж•ҷе»әзӯ‘зҡ„еҸ‘еұ•пјҢиһҚеҗҲдәҶеҚ°еәҰе°јиҘҝдәҡе»әзӯ‘дј з»ҹдёҺеҚ°еәҰжЁЎејҸгҖӮжө®йӣ•жҸҸз»ҳдәҶдҪӣйҷҖз”ҹе№іеңәжҷҜе’ҢдҪӣж•ҷе®Үе®ҷи§Ӯзҡ„еҶҚзҺ°гҖӮдёҠдёүеұӮдёәеңҶеҪўе№іеҸ°пјҢеёҰжңүй•Ӯз©әзҡ„зӘЈе өеқЎпјӣдёӢе…ӯеұӮдёәж–№еҪўе№іеҸ°пјҢеўҷдёҠжңүжө®йӣ•гҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶеӨҸиҝһзү№жӢүзҺӢжңқзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’Ңе»әзӯ‘ж–№жі•гҖӮ.
еқҰжЎ‘е°јдәҡеҹәе°”з“ҰеІӣ
иҝҷеә§жёҜеҸЈеҹҺеёӮеңЁ13иҮі16дё–зәӘжҳҜиҝһжҺҘйқһжҙІгҖҒйҳҝжӢүдјҜе’ҢдәҡжҙІзҡ„дё»иҰҒиҙёжҳ“дёӯеҝғгҖӮеҹәе°”з“Ұе®ҡеұ…зӮ№йҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӨ§е®«ж®ҝгҖҒеҮ еә§жё…зңҹеҜәе’ҢдҪҸе®…еҢәзӯүзҹіз»“жһ„е»әзӯ‘пјҢиҝҷдәӣе»әзӯ‘и®°еҪ•дәҶдёңйқһжө·еІёзҡ„з»ҸжөҺе’Ңе»әзӯ‘еҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖжҳҫзӨәдәҶж–Ҝз“ҰеёҢйҮҢж–ҮеҢ–е’ҢдјҠж–Ҝе…°е»әзӯ‘дј з»ҹзҡ„еҪұе“ҚгҖӮзЎ¬еёҒзҡ„еҸ‘зҺ°е’ҢиҝӣеҸЈйҷ¶з“·дёәеҚ°еәҰжҙӢеҜ№еІёдёҺжіўж–ҜгҖҒеҚ°еәҰе’ҢдёӯеӣҪзҡ„е№ҝжіӣиҙёжҳ“жҸҗдҫӣдәҶиҜҒжҚ®гҖӮ.
зҺ»еҲ©з»ҙдәҡжӢүе·ҙж–ҜзңҒ
иҝҷдёӘеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖжӣҫжҳҜе…¬е…ғеүҚ300е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ1000е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙдёҖдёӘйҮҚиҰҒж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„дёӯеҝғгҖӮи’Ӯз“Ұзәіеә“йҖҡиҝҮе…¶йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”гҖҒзҘһеәҷе’Ңе·ЁзҹіеғҸеұ•зӨәдәҶе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„зҹіжқҗе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҒ—иҝ№и®°еҪ•дәҶдёҖдёӘжө·жӢ”зәҰ3,840зұій«ҳзҡ„зӨҫдјҡзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„гҖӮж•ҙдёӘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨеҢ…жӢ¬йҳҝеҚЎеё•зәійҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”е’ҢеҚЎжӢүиҗЁиҗЁдәҡзҘһеәҷпјҢе®ғ们具жңүеӨ©ж–ҮеӯҰдёҠзҡ„еҜ№йҪҗзү№еҫҒгҖӮ.
иӢұж је…°еЁҒе°”зү№йғЎ
иҝҷеә§ж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Јзҡ„зәӘеҝөзў‘з”ұеӨҡдёӘзҹіеңҲз»„жҲҗпјҢеӣӣе‘ЁзҺҜз»•зқҖж·ұж·ұзҡ„жІҹжё е’Ңеңҹе ӨпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ2850е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2200е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙгҖӮеҹғеӨ«дјҜйҮҢе·ЁзҹійҳөжҳҜ欧жҙІжңҖеӨ§зҡ„еҸІеүҚзәӘеҝөзў‘д№ӢдёҖпјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶиӢұж је…°еҚ—йғЁж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫзҫӨе…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӨ–еңҲзҹійҳөе’ҢдёӨдёӘиҫғе°Ҹзҡ„еҶ…еңҲзҹійҳөпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶиҝҷдәӣж—©жңҹеҶңдёҡзӨҫдјҡзҡ„д»ӘејҸжҙ»еҠЁгҖӮ.
еңҹиҖіе…¶пјҢд№Ңе°”жі•
е“Ҙиҙқе…ӢеҠӣзҹійҳөеҢ…еҗ«е…¬е…ғеүҚдёҖдёҮе№ҙзҡ„зҹійҖ зҘһеәҷз»“жһ„пјҢеңҶеҪўжҺ’еҲ—зҡ„йӣ•еҲ»зҹіжҹұдёҠйҘ°жңүеҠЁзү©жө®йӣ•е’ҢеҮ дҪ•еӣҫжЎҲгҖӮиҝҷеә§зҘһеәҷз»јеҗҲдҪ“жҳҜе·ІзҹҘдәәзұ»еҺҶеҸІдёҠжңҖеҸӨиҖҒзҡ„зәӘеҝөжҖ§е»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖпјҢдёәзҗҶи§Јж—©жңҹж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫеҢәзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„жҸҗдҫӣдәҶзәҝзҙўгҖӮTеҪўзҹізҒ°еІ©жҹұй«ҳиҫҫ5.5зұіпјҢйҮҚиҫҫж•°еҗЁгҖӮжө®йӣ•жҸҸз»ҳдәҶзӢҗзӢёгҖҒиӣҮгҖҒйҮҺзҢӘгҖҒй№ӨзӯүеҠЁзү©гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖи®°еҪ•дәҶд»ҺзӢ©зҢҺйҮҮйӣҶзӨҫдјҡеҗ‘е®ҡеұ…з”ҹжҙ»зҡ„иҪ¬еҸҳпјҢ并д»Һж №жң¬дёҠж”№еҸҳдәҶдәә们еҜ№дәәзұ»ж–ҮжҳҺеҸ‘еұ•зҡ„и®ӨиҜҶгҖӮ.
еўЁиҘҝе“Ҙз“Ұе“ҲеҚЎ
иҝҷдёӘеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹзҡ„йҒ—еқҖжҳҜдёӯзҫҺжҙІжңҖйҮҚиҰҒзҡ„иҖғеҸӨз»јеҗҲдҪ“д№ӢдёҖпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶи¶…иҝҮ1,500е№ҙзҡ„жҢҒз»ӯеҚ йўҶгҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖжӢҘжңүжўҜз”°з»“жһ„гҖҒеҢ…жӢ¬ж°ҙеққе’ҢиҝҗжІіеңЁеҶ…зҡ„ж°ҙеҲ©зі»з»ҹгҖҒеӨҡеә§йҮ‘еӯ—еЎ”д»ҘеҸҠдәәе·ҘеңҹдёҳгҖӮи’ҷзү№йҳҝе°”зҸӯжӣҫжҳҜиҗЁжіўзү№е…Ӣж–ҮжҳҺзҡ„зӨјд»Әе’Ңж”ҝжІ»дёӯеҝғпјҢдёәдәҶи§Је…¶д»Һе…¬е…ғеүҚ500е№ҙеҲ°е…¬е…ғ850е№ҙй—ҙзҡ„е»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»„з»ҮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶи§Ҷи§’гҖӮ.
еңҹиҖіе…¶пјҢеҶ…еӨ«и°ўеёҢе°”
иҝҷдәӣйӣ•еҲ»еңЁеҚЎеё•еӨҡз»ҶдәҡзҒ«еұұеІ©еұӮдёӯзҡ„жҙһз©ҙдҪҸе®…пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶиҮӘжӢңеҚ еәӯж—¶жңҹд»ҘжқҘжҸҗдҫӣдәҶж•°зҷҫе№ҙеәҮжҠӨе’ҢдҝқжҠӨзҡ„еҸӨиҖҒе»әйҖ жҠҖжңҜгҖӮиҝҷдәӣз»“жһ„жҳҜеңЁжҹ”иҪҜзҡ„еҮқзҒ°еІ©еұӮдёӯжҢ–жҺҳиҖҢжҲҗпјҢеҪўжҲҗдәҶеёҰжңүеұ…дҪҸеҢәгҖҒеӮЁи—ҸеҢәе’ҢзӨјжӢңе Ӯзҡ„еӨҚжқӮең°дёӢиҒҡиҗҪгҖӮжҙһз©ҙдҪҸе®…зҡ„еӨ©з„¶йҡ”зғӯеұӮжҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№жһҒз«Ҝжё©еәҰзҡ„дҝқжҠӨпјҢиҖҢеӨҡеұӮе»әзӯ‘зҫӨйҖҡиҝҮйҡ§йҒ“е’Ңз«–дә•зӣёиҝһгҖӮиҝҷдёӘиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖеұ•зӨәдәҶж—©жңҹзӨҫдјҡеҰӮдҪ•еҲ©з”ЁиҮӘ然ең°иҙЁзү№еҫҒжқҘеҲӣйҖ жҢҒз»ӯж•°зҷҫе№ҙжңүдәәеұ…дҪҸзҡ„жҢҒд№…зӨҫеҢәпјҢдёәдёҘй…·зҺҜеўғдёӯзҡ„е»әйҖ ж–№жі•гҖҒе®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢйҖӮеә”зӯ–з•ҘжҸҗдҫӣдәҶи§Ғи§ЈгҖӮ.
жҲҲдҪҗеІӣпјҢ马иҖід»–
马иҖід»–зҡ„е·ЁзҹізҘһеәҷзҫӨз”ұ马иҖід»–еІӣе’ҢжҲҲдҪҗеІӣдёҠзҡ„еӨҡдёӘеҸІеүҚзҘһеәҷе»әзӯ‘зҫӨз»„жҲҗгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҹіз»“жһ„е»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ3600е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2500е№ҙд№Ӣй—ҙпјҢжҳҜдё–з•ҢдёҠжңҖеҸӨиҖҒзҡ„зӢ¬з«Ӣе»әзӯ‘д№ӢдёҖгҖӮзҘһеәҷеұ•зҺ°дәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…е…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„е»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜпјҢ他们еңЁжІЎжңүйҮ‘еұһе·Ҙе…·зҡ„жғ…еҶөдёӢеҠ е·Ҙе’Ңиҝҗиҫ“еӨ§еһӢзҹізҒ°еІ©еқ—гҖӮиҝҷдәӣйҒ—еқҖжӢҘжңүеӨҚжқӮзҡ„е»әзӯ‘еёғеұҖпјҢи®ҫжңүеӨҡдёӘеҚҠеңҶеҪўеҗҺж®ҝпјҢ并жҸҗдҫӣиЈ…йҘ°жҖ§зҹійӣ•е’ҢзҘӯеқӣгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзҘһеәҷе»әзӯ‘зҫӨи®°еҪ•дәҶең°дёӯжө·ең°еҢәж–°зҹіеҷЁж–ҮжҳҺж—¶жңҹзҡ„е®—ж•ҷд№ дҝ—е’ҢзӨҫдјҡз»“жһ„гҖӮ.
еҘҘе…Ӣе°јпјҢиӢҸж је…°
ж–ҜеҚЎжӢүеёғйӣ·жҳҜдҪҚдәҺеҘҘе…Ӣе°јзҫӨеІӣж–ҜеҮҜе°”ж№ҫзҡ„дёҖеӨ„ж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»Је®ҡеұ…зӮ№гҖӮиҜҘйҒ—еқҖе№ҙд»ЈзәҰдёәе…¬е…ғеүҚ3200е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ2200е№ҙпјҢз”ұе…«еә§зӣёиҝһзҡ„зҹіеұӢз»„жҲҗгҖӮиҝҷйҮҢеҸҜд»ҘзңӢеҲ°еёҰжңүзҹіеәҠгҖҒзҹіжһ¶е’ҢдёӯеӨ®зҒ«еЎҳзҡ„дҪҸе®…з»“жһ„гҖӮжҲҝеұӢйҖҡиҝҮжңүйЎ¶зҡ„йҖҡйҒ“зӣёиҝһпјҢ并з”ұжІҷеңҹдҝқжҠӨгҖӮж–ҜеҚЎжӢүеёғйӣ·и®©жҲ‘们дәҶи§Јж–°зҹіеҷЁж—¶д»ЈзӨҫеҢәзҡ„з”ҹжҙ»ж–№ејҸе’Ңе»әзӯ‘жҠҖжңҜгҖӮжңүжңәзү©иҙЁзҡ„дҝқеӯҳзҠ¶еҶөиүҜеҘҪпјҢдҪҝдәә们иғҪеӨҹз ”з©¶иҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„е·Ҙе…·е’Ң家еұ…з”Ёе“ҒгҖӮ.
ж–ҜйҮҢе…°еҚЎдёӯеӨ®зңҒ
иҝҷеә§дә”дё–зәӘзҡ„е Ўеһ’е®«ж®ҝе»әеңЁдёҖеә§200зұій«ҳзҡ„иҠұеІ—еІ©еІ©зҹідёҠпјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶж—©жңҹдёӯдё–зәӘж–ҜйҮҢе…°еҚЎзҡ„е»әзӯ‘е’Ңе·ҘзЁӢеҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҜҘе»әзӯ‘зҫӨе°ҶйҳІеҫЎз»“жһ„дёҺеЈҒз”»е’Ңж°ҙдёҠиҠұеӣӯзӣёз»“еҗҲпјҢиҜҒжҳҺдәҶе»әйҖ иҖ…зҡ„иүәжңҜжҠҖе·§е’Ңж°ҙеҠӣзҹҘиҜҶгҖӮй”ЎеҗүйҮҢиҖ¶жҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№иҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„ж”ҝжІ»е’Ңж–ҮеҢ–з»“жһ„зҡ„жҙһеҜҹгҖӮйҒ—еқҖеҢ…жӢ¬еӣһе»ҠгҖҒйңІеҸ°е’ҢдёҖзі»еҲ—и“„ж°ҙжұ пјҢиҝҷдәӣи“„ж°ҙжұ иҜҒжҳҺдәҶеҪ“ж—¶е…Ҳиҝӣзҡ„ж°ҙиө„жәҗз®ЎзҗҶгҖӮ.
еҚ°еәҰ马е“ҲжӢүж–Ҫзү№жӢүйӮҰ
йҳҝж—ғйҷҖзҹізӘҹдҪҚдәҺ马е“ҲжӢүж–Ҫзү№жӢүйӮҰпјҢжҳҜеңЁй©¬и№„еҪўзҡ„еІ©еЈҒдёҠејҖеҮҝзҡ„30еә§дҪӣж•ҷзҹізӘҹеҜәеәҷпјҢе§Ӣе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ2дё–зәӘгҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮжҸҸз»ҳдҪӣйҷҖз”ҹе№іеҸҠжң¬з”ҹж•…дәӢзҡ„еЈҒз”»е’ҢзІҫз»Ҷзҡ„зҹійӣ•жө®йӣ•пјҢеұ•зӨәдәҶдҪӣж•ҷиүәжңҜдёҺе»әзӯ‘зҡ„еҸ‘еұ•гҖӮиҝҷдәӣеҜәеәҷжӣҫз”ЁдҪңеғ§дҫЈзҡ„зҘҲзҘ·еҺ…е’Ңеұ…жүҖпјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶж•°дёӘдё–зәӘд»ҘжқҘзҡ„е®—ж•ҷе®һи·өе’ҢиүәжңҜжҠҖиүәгҖӮ.
з§ҳйІҒзәіж–ҜеҚЎжІҷжј
зәіж–ҜеҚЎзәҝжқЎжҳҜзәіж–ҜеҚЎж–ҮеҢ–еңЁе…¬е…ғеүҚ500е№ҙиҮіе…¬е…ғ500е№ҙй—ҙдәҺжІҷжј ең°йқўдёҠеҲӣдҪңзҡ„дёҖз»„ең°йқўеӣҫз”»гҖӮиҝҷдәӣеӣҫз”»зӣҙеҫ„д»Һ50зұіеҲ°300зұідёҚзӯүпјҢжҸҸз»ҳдәҶеҮ дҪ•еӣҫеҪўгҖҒжӨҚзү©пјҢд»ҘеҸҠеҢ…жӢ¬иңӮйёҹгҖҒиңҳиӣӣгҖҒзҢҙеӯҗе’ҢйІёйұјеңЁеҶ…зҡ„70еӨҡз§ҚеҠЁзү©еҪўиұЎгҖӮиҝҷдәӣзәҝжқЎжҳҜйҖҡиҝҮ移йҷӨж°§еҢ–иЎЁеұӮпјҢйңІеҮәиҫғжө…зҡ„дёӢеұӮеңҹеЈӨиҖҢеҲ¶жҲҗзҡ„гҖӮе®ғ们记еҪ•дәҶзәіж–ҜеҚЎзӨҫдјҡзҡ„еӨ©ж–ҮзҹҘиҜҶе’Ңд»ӘејҸе®һи·өпјҢ并жҸҗдҫӣдәҶеҜ№иҝҷдёҖеүҚе“ҘдјҰеёғж—¶жңҹж–ҮжҳҺжҠҖжңҜиғҪеҠӣзҡ„жҙһеҜҹгҖӮ.
еҹғеҸҠеҚўе…Ӣзҙў
еёқзҺӢи°·еҶ…жңү63еә§ең°дёӢеў“е®ӨпјҢе»әдәҺе…¬е…ғеүҚ16дё–зәӘиҮіе…¬е…ғеүҚ11дё–зәӘпјҢжҳҜдёәж–°зҺӢеӣҪж—¶жңҹзҡ„жі•иҖҒе’Ңй«ҳзә§иҙөж—Ҹе»әйҖ зҡ„гҖӮиҝҷдёҖиҖғеҸӨйҒ—еқҖйҖҡиҝҮдҝқеӯҳзҡ„еЈҒз”»гҖҒиұЎеҪўж–Үеӯ—е’Ңе»әзӯ‘з»“жһ„пјҢи®°еҪ•дәҶеҸӨеҹғеҸҠзҡ„дё§и‘¬д№ дҝ—е’Ңе®—ж•ҷдҝЎд»°гҖӮеў“е®ӨејҖеҮҝеңЁзҹізҒ°еІ©жӮ¬еҙ–дёӯпјҢиЈ…йҘ°жңүжҸҸз»ҳжқҘдё–зҡ„иүәжңҜе“ҒгҖӮиҜҘи°·дёәжі•иҖҒжқғеҠӣгҖҒзӨҫдјҡз»„з»Үд»ҘеҸҠиҝҷдёҖж—¶жңҹзҡ„жүӢе·ҘиүәжҠҖиғҪжҸҗдҫӣдәҶйҮҚиҰҒиҜҒжҚ®гҖӮ.
еҸ‘йҖҒеҲ°жӮЁзҡ„жүӢжңә
жү“ејҖжүӢжңәдёҠзҡ„зӣёжңәеә”з”ЁгҖӮ
е°ҶзӣёжңәеҜ№еҮҶдәҢз»ҙз ҒпјҢе°ҶдјҡеҮәзҺ°дёҖжқЎйҖҡзҹҘгҖӮ
зӮ№еҮ»йҖҡзҹҘжү“ејҖй“ҫжҺҘгҖӮ