Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Check out our November issue! A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin’s effects on mouse behavior In a study across five independent labs, 2 mg kg −1 psilocybin in mice acutely increased avoidance-related behaviors in a robust, reproducible manner and acutely reduced fear expression, but previously reported persistent effects were modest or inconsistent. Odilia D. Lu Katrina White Robert C. Malenka Article Open Access 02 Nov 2026 A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin’s effects on mouse behavior In a study across five independent labs, 2 mg kg −1 psilocybin in mice acutely increased avoidance-related behaviors in a robust, reproducible manner and acutely reduced fear expression, but previously reported persistent effects were modest or inconsistent. Robert C. Malenka Stimulus-specific recruitment of human amygdala neurons predicts episodic memory encoding success The study shows that stimulus-specific neurons in the human amygdala determine which experiences become lasting memory, revealing a mechanism that predicts episodic memory formation and may guide future treatments for memory disorders. Jiayang Xiao Jonathan Daume Ueli Rutishauser Article Open Access 27 Oct 2026 Stimulus-specific recruitment of human amygdala neurons predicts episodic memory encoding success The study shows that stimulus-specific neurons in the human amygdala determine which experiences become lasting memory, revealing a mechanism that predicts episodic memory formation and may guide future treatments for memory disorders. Ueli Rutishauser Chronic progressive demyelination induces a microglial state with lysosomal dysfunction Acute myelin injury responses are well defined, but microglia adaptations to chronic damage remain unclear. Mouse models reveal a chronic demyelination-associated microglial state marked by inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction and myelin-damaging activity. Stefan A. Berghoff Lena Spieth Mikael Simons Article Open Access 26 Oct 2026 Chronic progressive demyelination induces a microglial state with lysosomal dysfunction Acute myelin injury responses are well defined, but microglia adaptations to chronic damage remain unclear. Mouse models reveal a chronic demyelination-associated microglial state marked by inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction and myelin-damaging activity. Stefan A. Berghoff A brain of many microglia origins Ioana A. Marin Research Highlight 02 Nov 2026 A brain of many microglia origins Correcting automatic decisions Luis A. Mejia Research Highlight 02 Nov 2026 Correcting automatic decisions It’s time to split William P. Olson Research Highlight 02 Nov 2026 It’s time to split William P. Olson Roles of autophagy in brain homeostasis and disease Henry Kim Edward S. Wickstead Zhenyu Yue Review Article 24 Aug 2026 Roles of autophagy in brain homeostasis and disease Edward S. Wickstead Lack of sensorimotor toxicity when using the clinical SMN expression cassette in scAAV9 Maria H. H. Balch Anton J. Blatnik III W. David Arnold Matters Arising 24 Aug 2026 Lack of sensorimotor toxicity when using the clinical SMN expression cassette in scAAV9 Maria H. H. Balch Anton J. Blatnik III W. David Arnold Human tau pathology is associated with lonely, nontraveling slow waves linked to memory impairment Omer Sharon Xi Chen Matthew P. Walker Brief Communication 11 Sept 2026 Human tau pathology is associated with lonely, nontraveling slow waves linked to memory impairment Matthew P. Walker Upcoming Nature Conference Organized by Peking University, Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Nature Human Behaviour, Nature Neuroscience, and Nature Mental Health. This conference will explore the intersection of human cognition, mental health and artificial intelligence. Upcoming Nature Conference Organized by Peking University, Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Nature Human Behaviour, Nature Neuroscience, and Nature Mental Health. This conference will explore the intersection of human cognition, mental health and artificial intelligence. Latest Research articles Single-neuron encoding of rapidly learned visual information reshapes human perception The authors show that rapid learning modulates neuronal activity in the human visual cortex, requiring extra processing time to support recognition and relaying signals to memory-related regions without requiring feedback. Marcelo Armendariz Julie Blumberg Gabriel Kreiman Article Open Access 04 Nov 2026 Single-neuron encoding of rapidly learned visual information reshapes human perception The authors show that rapid learning modulates neuronal activity in the human visual cortex, requiring extra processing time to support recognition and relaying signals to memory-related regions without requiring feedback. Marcelo Armendariz Gabriel Kreiman A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin’s effects on mouse behavior In a study across five independent labs, 2 mg kg −1 psilocybin in mice acutely increased avoidance-related behaviors in a robust, reproducible manner and acutely reduced fear expression, but previously reported persistent effects were modest or inconsistent. Odilia D. Lu Katrina White Robert C. Malenka Article Open Access 02 Nov 2026 A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin’s effects on mouse behavior In a study across five independent labs, 2 mg kg −1 psilocybin in mice acutely increased avoidance-related behaviors in a robust, reproducible manner and acutely reduced fear expression, but previously reported persistent effects were modest or inconsistent. Robert C. Malenka Serotonin signaling enhances phagocytosis by brain macrophages through Htr2b and alleviates brain injury after stroke The serotonin receptor Htr2b activation enhances lysosome biogenesis and phagocytic clearance of debris to mitigate neuroinflammation and brain injury after stroke. The study proposes a potential monocyte-derived macrophage-targeted immune therapy to improve neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke. Yueman Zhang Yonghui Chen Peiying Li Article 28 Oct 2026 Serotonin signaling enhances phagocytosis by brain macrophages through Htr2b and alleviates brain injury after stroke The serotonin receptor Htr2b activation enhances lysosome biogenesis and phagocytic clearance of debris to mitigate neuroinflammation and brain injury after stroke. The study proposes a potential monocyte-derived macrophage-targeted immune therapy to improve neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke. Stimulus-specific recruitment of human amygdala neurons predicts episodic memory encoding success The study shows that stimulus-specific neurons in the human amygdala determine which experiences become lasting memory, revealing a mechanism that predicts episodic memory formation and may guide future treatments for memory disorders. Jiayang Xiao Jonathan Daume Ueli Rutishauser Article Open Access 27 Oct 2026 Stimulus-specific recruitment of human amygdala neurons predicts episodic memory encoding success The study shows that stimulus-specific neurons in the human amygdala determine which experiences become lasting memory, revealing a mechanism that predicts episodic memory formation and may guide future treatments for memory disorders. Ueli Rutishauser Circuit mechanisms for disentangled representations and generalization in the hippocampus The hippocampus encodes different aspects of experience as disentangled variables, enabling flexible recombination and generalization to new situations. This code is supported by the geometry of population dynamics and cell–assembly interactions. Wenbo Tang Hongyu Chang Antonio Fernandez-Ruiz Article 27 Oct 2026 Circuit mechanisms for disentangled representations and generalization in the hippocampus The hippocampus encodes different aspects of experience as disentangled variables, enabling flexible recombination and generalization to new situations. This code is supported by the geometry of population dynamics and cell–assembly interactions. Antonio Fernandez-Ruiz Chronic progressive demyelination induces a microglial state with lysosomal dysfunction Acute myelin injury responses are well defined, but microglia adaptations to chronic damage remain unclear. Mouse models reveal a chronic demyelination-associated microglial state marked by inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction and myelin-damaging activity. Stefan A. Berghoff Lena Spieth Mikael Simons Article Open Access 26 Oct 2026 Chronic progressive demyelination induces a microglial state with lysosomal dysfunction Acute myelin injury responses are well defined, but microglia adaptations to chronic damage remain unclear. Mouse models reveal a chronic demyelination-associated microglial state marked by inflammation, lysosomal dysfunction and myelin-damaging activity. Stefan A. Berghoff Latest Reviews & Analysis The human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction error Single-neuron recordings provide direct evidence that the human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction errors during adaptive behavior. Its responses differed from those in the anterior cingulate cortex, which raises the possibility that these regions make distinct contributions to updating beliefs and guiding behavior in ever-changing environments. Research Briefing 04 Nov 2026 Ring attractor networks go full circle Clark et al. demonstrate that heterogeneous data-driven models implement head-direction selectivity through the same dynamical principles as classical ring networks. In doing so, the authors reconcile biological realism with theoretical simplicity, unifying existing frameworks and broadening the space of connectivity structures to be searched in data. Francesca Mastrogiuseppe Srdjan Ostojic News & Views 14 Oct 2026 Alus harbor genetic variants that shape the human cortex The genetic changes associated with development of the human cortex are difficult to test functionally, especially in the context of gene regulation. In this issue, Matoba et al. show that variants that shape human cortical structure are hiding inside Alu transposable elements, co-opting their inbuilt machinery to rewire regulatory networks in the developing brain. Enakshi Sinniah Alex A. Pollen News & Views 12 Oct 2026 Conserved neural dynamics of anesthesia and the oblivion of species General anesthetics seem to work in all living species. This raises the question of whether there are common changes in neural activity that occur during transitions between wakefulness and anesthesia. A landmark study by Luppi and colleagues now reveals a conserved dynamic signature of anesthesia that spans hundreds of millions of years of evolution. George A. Mashour Zirui Huang News & Views 29 Sept 2026 Reconciling global collaboration and data sovereignty in neuroscience Tension exists between the need for an open science culture and data sovereignty in global brain research. Ray et al. propose practical mechanisms for secure and equitable international collaboration. Kimberly L. Ray Marietjie Botes Franco Pestilli Perspective 24 Sept 2026 The human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction error Single-neuron recordings provide direct evidence that the human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction errors during adaptive behavior. Its responses differed from those in the anterior cingulate cortex, which raises the possibility that these regions make distinct contributions to updating beliefs and guiding behavior in ever-changing environments. Research Briefing 04 Nov 2026 The human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction error Single-neuron recordings provide direct evidence that the human claustrum tracks uncertainty and prediction errors during adaptive behavior. Its responses differed from those in the anterior cingulate cortex, which raises the possibility that these regions make distinct contributions to updating beliefs and guiding behavior in ever-changing environments. Ring attractor networks go full circle Clark et al. demonstrate that heterogeneous data-driven models implement head-direction selectivity through the same dynamical principles as classical ring networks. In doing so, the authors reconcile biological realism with theoretical simplicity, unifying existing frameworks and broadening the space of connectivity structures to be searched in data. Francesca Mastrogiuseppe Srdjan Ostojic News & Views 14 Oct 2026 Ring attractor networks go full circle Clark et al. demonstrate that heterogeneous data-driven models implement head-direction selectivity through the same dynamical principles as classical ring networks. In doing so, the authors reconcile biological realism with theoretical simplicity, unifying existing frameworks and broadening the space of connectivity structures to be searched in data. Francesca Mastrogiuseppe Alus harbor genetic variants that shape the human cortex The genetic changes associated with development of the human cortex are difficult to test functionally, especially in the context of gene regulation. In this issue, Matoba et al. show that variants that shape human cortical structure are hiding inside Alu transposable elements, co-opting their inbuilt machinery to rewire regulatory networks in the developing brain. Enakshi Sinniah Alex A. Pollen News & Views 12 Oct 2026 Alus harbor genetic variants that shape the human cortex The genetic changes associated with development of the human cortex are difficult to test functionally, especially in the context of gene regulation. In this issue, Matoba et al. show that variants that shape human cortical structure are hiding inside Alu transposable elements, co-opting their inbuilt machinery to rewire regulatory networks in the developing brain.

Enakshi Sinniah Conserved neural dynamics of anesthesia and the oblivion of species General anesthetics seem to work in all living species. This raises the question of whether there are common changes in neural activity that occur during transitions between wakefulness and anesthesia. A landmark study by Luppi and colleagues now reveals a conserved dynamic signature of anesthesia that spans hundreds of millions of years of evolution. George A. Mashour Zirui Huang News & Views 29 Sept 2026 Conserved neural dynamics of anesthesia and the oblivion of species General anesthetics seem to work in all living species. This raises the question of whether there are common changes in neural activity that occur during transitions between wakefulness and anesthesia. A landmark study by Luppi and colleagues now reveals a conserved dynamic signature of anesthesia that spans hundreds of millions of years of evolution. George A. Mashour Reconciling global collaboration and data sovereignty in neuroscience Tension exists between the need for an open science culture and data sovereignty in global brain research. Ray et al. propose practical mechanisms for secure and equitable international collaboration. Kimberly L. Ray Marietjie Botes Franco Pestilli Perspective 24 Sept 2026 Reconciling global collaboration and data sovereignty in neuroscience Tension exists between the need for an open science culture and data sovereignty in global brain research. Ray et al. propose practical mechanisms for secure and equitable international collaboration. Kimberly L. Ray Marietjie Botes Franco Pestilli A silent leap in neuroimaging Noam Shemesh News & Views 09 Sept 2026 The hidden role of the bone marrow in Alzheimer’s disease Research Briefing 08 Sept 2026 Neural geometry guides learning Aaron P. Batista News & Views 04 Sept 2026 Neuromodulation for restoring and amplifying brain function Shrey Grover Wen Wen Robert M. G. Reinhart Perspective 04 Sept 2026 A silent leap in neuroimaging Noam Shemesh News & Views 09 Sept 2026 A silent leap in neuroimaging The hidden role of the bone marrow in Alzheimer’s disease Research Briefing 08 Sept 2026 The hidden role of the bone marrow in Alzheimer’s disease Neural geometry guides learning Aaron P. Batista News & Views 04 Sept 2026 Neural geometry guides learning Aaron P. Batista Neuromodulation for restoring and amplifying brain function Shrey Grover Wen Wen Robert M. G. Reinhart Perspective 04 Sept 2026 Neuromodulation for restoring and amplifying brain function Robert M. G. Reinhart Misfolded tau propagates via templated seeding Qingzhong Ren Research Highlight 02 Nov 2026 Misfolded tau propagates via templated seeding Correcting automatic decisions Luis A. Mejia Research Highlight 02 Nov 2026 Correcting automatic decisions A brain of many microglia origins Ioana A. Marin Research Highlight 02 Nov 2026 A brain of many microglia origins It’s time to split William P. Olson Research Highlight 02 Nov 2026 It’s time to split William P. Olson Glioblastoma treatment gels Shari Wiseman Research Highlight 02 Oct 2026 Glioblastoma treatment gels Brain stimulation boosts CSF flow Ioana A. Marin Research Highlight 01 Oct 2026 Brain stimulation boosts CSF flow Trending - Altmetric 5-HT2A receptors in layer 5 pyramidal neurons mediate the neuroplastic but not the hallucinogenic effects of psilocybin 5-HT2A receptors in layer 5 pyramidal neurons mediate the neuroplastic but not the hallucinogenic effects of psilocybin Stimulus-specific recruitment of human amygdala neurons predicts episodic memory encoding success Stimulus-specific recruitment of human amygdala neurons predicts episodic memory encoding success Overlapping representations in the ventral hippocampus support rapid fear memory retrieval Overlapping representations in the ventral hippocampus support rapid fear memory retrieval A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin’s effects on mouse behavior A multi-institutional investigation of psilocybin’s effects on mouse behavior Professorship (W3-level) for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (with leadership function) Professorship Münster, Hessen (DE) University of Münster Professorship (W3-level) for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (with leadership function) Münster, Hessen (DE) University of Münster Postdoctoral researchers and Junior group leaders Junior group leader positions (4 positions) and Postdoctoral Researcher positions (4) in the fields of Science, Medicine and Technology Turku (Kaupunki), Varsinais-Suomi (FI) University of Turku Postdoctoral researchers and Junior group leaders Junior group leader positions (4 positions) and Postdoctoral Researcher positions (4) in the fields of Science, Medicine and Technology Turku (Kaupunki), Varsinais-Suomi (FI) University of Turku Tenure-Track Faculty Position, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan We are looking for candidates pursuing curiosity-driven basic and translational research. Taipei, TW-a vibrant city blending modern innovation, rich culture and convenient transportation. The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica Tenure-Track Faculty Position, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan We are looking for candidates pursuing curiosity-driven basic and translational research. Taipei, TW-a vibrant city blending modern innovation, rich culture and convenient transportation. The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica Fully Funded PhD Positions in Astronomy, Biology, Computer Science, Chemistry & Materials, Data Scie Fully Funded PhD Positions in Astronomy, Biology, Computer Science, Chemistry & Materials, Data Science & Scientific Computing, Earth Science, Math... 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