Telescope Buying Guide · 2026 From sub-$100 entry-level scopes to $1,500+ premium instruments — exactly what each price tier buys you, what to avoid, and which telescope delivers the best value at every budget in 2026. 🎉 Pricing out a gift? Our telescope gift guide shows what each budget buys. Budget tiers covered Minimum for real views Best value for beginners Reviewed with live prices What’s in This Guide Telescope Prices at a Glance Telescope prices range from under $100 for entry-level instruments to $2,000+ for advanced amateur setups. The most important thing to understand before you spend a dollar: price is not the only indicator of quality . A $200 Dobsonian reflector routinely outperforms a $400 GoTo refractor for visual deep-sky observation — because aperture (the diameter of the main lens or mirror) determines how much light you collect, and more light means more detail and more faint objects visible. Electronics do not compensate for small aperture. The second thing to understand: the telescope itself is only part of the cost. Add eyepieces, a red flashlight, a carry bag, maybe a Barlow lens — plan realistically for total first-year costs, which we break down in the Total Cost of Ownership section below. Also popular on Telescope Advisor Want a shortlist instead of more theory? Tell us your budget, targets, and experience level — the Finder Tool narrows the field to the models that actually fit your use case. ★ Best value range for most first-time buyers. Prices are approximate and vary by retailer. Choose the next decision, not just the next article If you already know your use case, jump straight into a recommendation or compare the strongest ranked picks. Get a Recommendation Best if you want one model instead of more theory. Compare Beginner-Safe Picks See which scopes reduce setup friction the most. Browse the Full Rankings Compare the strongest scopes across all categories. ⚡ Prime Big Deal Days: Telescope deals for October 6–7 · accessory deals 🎄 Holiday season: Telescope Christmas Gift Guide 2026 · Smart telescope Black Friday deals Under $200 — Entry-Level Telescopes: Real vs. Junk The budget telescope market (under $200) has genuine value picks alongside a lot of junk. For every legitimate entry-level scope there are a dozen toys with misleading specifications designed to look impressive on an Amazon listing. The key warning signs to avoid are any scope advertising magnifications above 200× (physically impossible to use on a 60–70mm aperture without a blurry mess), plastic eyepiece barrels, and "erecting prisms" that are made of low-quality glass and reduce brightness. What a $150–$200 telescope genuinely can do: Show you a sharp, detailed Moon with clearly identifiable craters and the Sea of Tranquility. Show Saturn’s rings as a distinct and clearly separated oval — on your very first night, this is often a life-changing view. Show Jupiter as a clearly non-circular disk with one or two dark equatorial cloud belts visible on nights of steady seeing. Resolve the brightest open star clusters (Pleiades, Beehive) into individual stars. What a $150–$200 telescope cannot do: Show you galaxies beyond Andromeda (too faint for 70mm). Show Saturn’s Cassini Division clearly (needs 100mm+ aperture and good seeing). Produce stable views at magnifications above 100×. Track objects — at 90× magnification, a planet moves out of the field of view in under 30 seconds due to Earth’s rotation. ⚠ What to Avoid in Budget Telescopes Any scope claiming “300×”, “450×” or “525×” is lying. Useful magnification on a 70mm scope caps around 140×. Anything above that produces a dim, shimmering, useless image. Standard eyepieces have metal 1.25-inch barrels. Plastic barrels slip, introduce tilt, and cannot hold focus. A non-negotiable minimum. A tripod that vibrates with every touch makes high-magnification planetary viewing impossible. The mount must damp vibration within 1–2 seconds of touching it. Without a finder, you cannot aim the telescope at anything. A raw telescope tube pointed at the sky shows a tiny circle — finding Saturn blind is not practical. Celestron AstroMaster 70AZ 70mm aperture · 900mm focal length · f/12.9 · Alt-Az mount · 20mm + 10mm eyepieces included · StarPointer red-dot finder The AstroMaster 70AZ earns its reputation as the most honest entry-level telescope available because Celestron does not exaggerate its capabilities. The 70mm (2.8-inch) objective lens and 900mm focal length give a long focal ratio of f/12.9 — a design that is very forgiving of eyepiece quality, meaning the two included eyepieces (20mm and 10mm, giving 45× and 90× respectively) actually perform well. No upgrade required to see Saturn’s rings on night one. At 45×, Saturn’s rings are immediately recognisable as a distinct separated oval around the planet body. At 90×, you can identify the dark gap between the A-ring and the planet (at this aperture, not quite the Cassini Division itself, but a convincing impression of ring structure). The Moon at 45× reveals hundreds of craters, the terminator line with dramatic shadow contrast, and rilles crossing the mare regions. Jupiter at 90× shows a clearly non-circular yellow-brown disk with up to two equatorial belts on nights of steady seeing. The alt-azimuth tripod is stable enough for visual use, the StarPointer red-dot finder makes acquisition straightforward, and the optical tube produces sharp views with minimal chromatic aberration given the long focal ratio. At this price, this is the only scope we recommend without reservations. $100–$300 — The Sweet Spot for Most Beginners This is the price range we recommend to most first-time buyers. Telescopes in the $150–$300 range deliver a genuinely transformative observing experience — the kind where you call someone over to the eyepiece because you cannot believe what you’re seeing. Saturn’s rings floating in the eyepiece field, surrounded by the black of space. Jupiter’s equatorial cloud belt colour — warm orange-brown — clearly different from the lighter polar zones. The Orion Nebula as a glowing cloud with a bright trapezium core of four stars visible at its heart. The critical jump from the sub-$100 tier is aperture . Moving from 70mm to 130mm increases the light-gathering area by 244%. Faint objects that are literally invisible in a 70mm become clearly visible in a 130mm. The practical difference is the difference between a telescope that shows you planets (70mm) and a telescope that shows you the universe (130mm). The defining choice at this price is between a tabletop Dobsonian and a tripod-mounted reflector. The Heritage 130P (tabletop Dob) wins on aperture-per-dollar, stability, and ease of use. The AstroMaster 130EQ (equatorial mount) wins if you want to learn equatorial mechanics and add a motor drive later. Both have 130mm mirrors. Both will show you everything in this tier’s capability list. What You’ll See at This Price (130mm aperture) Sky-Watcher Heritage 130P Tabletop Dobsonian 130mm (5.1-inch) aperture · 650mm focal length · f/5 · Collapsible tube · 25mm + 10mm eyepieces · Red-dot finder The Heritage 130P is the most-recommended beginner telescope on Amazon and in every major astronomy forum for one clear reason: no other telescope at this price gives you a 130mm primary mirror . That 5.1-inch aperture is the specification that matters most — it determines how much light enters the optical system, which determines how bright and how detailed your views are. Most tripod-mounted refractors at twice the price have smaller apertures than this scope. The tabletop Dobsonian design is brilliantly practical. The altitude-azimuth rocker base sits on any flat surface (a garden wall, a car roof, a stool at the right height) and is rock-solid stable — far more stable than any similarly-priced tripod. The tube collapses for transport in a bag that fits in a car boot. Setup is under two minutes with no tools, no alignment procedure, no batteries or software required. Point and observe. The f/5 focal ratio gives a wide field of view for star-field sweeping and galaxy hunting. The included 25mm eyepiece gives 26× magnification (ideal for finding objects and wide deep-sky views); the 10mm gives 65× (ideal for planetary work). Adding a 6mm or 5mm eyepiece ($20–$30) gives you 108×–130× for close-up Saturn and Jupiter views. A 2× Barlow doubles any eyepiece magnification. The upgrade path is simple and cheap. Celestron AstroMaster 130EQ — Best if you want an equatorial mount 130mm aperture · 650mm focal length · f/5 · German equatorial mount · Motor-drive upgradeable · StarPointer finder The AstroMaster 130EQ matches the Heritage 130P on optical specifications (same 130mm mirror, same 650mm focal length) but replaces the Dobsonian base with a German equatorial mount . An equatorial mount is aligned with Earth’s rotation axis, which means tracking a moving object requires only a single slow rotation of one axis — making it far easier to follow planets at high magnification. The mount can be upgraded with an optional dual-axis motor drive that tracks automatically, which is the first step toward astrophotography. The trade-off: equatorial mounts are more complex to set up and require polar alignment. The learning curve is real but manageable. Choose Heritage 130P if: you want maximum simplicity and aperture for visual observing. Choose AstroMaster 130EQ if: you plan to eventually add tracking motors, want to learn equatorial mechanics, or prefer a tripod to a tabletop base. Celestron StarSense Explorer LT 114AZ — ~$230 with smartphone-assisted star finding 114mm aperture · 1,000mm focal length · f/8.8 · Alt-Az mount · StarSense smartphone dock included At the upper end of this tier (~$230), the StarSense Explorer LT 114AZ upgrades you to 114mm of aperture — 2.6× more light-gathering area than a 70mm scope — and adds Celestron’s StarSense Explorer dock , a smartphone holder that uses your phone’s camera to analyze the star field and tell you exactly which direction to nudge the scope to reach any target. For beginners who want more aperture than the AstroMaster 70AZ and a tech-assisted approach to finding objects, it’s a strong choice in this price tier. $300–$700 — GoTo Telescopes and Intermediate Scopes The $300–$700 range is where computerized GoTo telescopes become genuinely accessible. A GoTo scope has onboard motors and a hand controller that, after a brief 2–3 star alignment procedure, will automatically slew the telescope to point at any of 40,000+ objects in its database: press a button for “Saturn” and the scope moves there on its own. This eliminates the steep learning curve of manually star-hopping to faint deep-sky objects that can take beginners 30–60 minutes to locate by hand. The caveat: GoTo is not magic. The alignment procedure requires identifying two or three bright stars by name, and the accuracy of pointing depends on how precisely you perform that alignment. A poorly aligned GoTo scope can miss targets by a degree or more. Most beginners master it within 2–3 sessions, but the first night is often frustrating. A Heritage 130P needs zero setup and zero learning — if simplicity matters most, that is still the better choice even at $300. The other major advantage at this price is more aperture . The NexStar 6SE is a 152mm (6-inch) Schmidt-Cassegrain — a jump of 36% in diameter over a 130mm scope, meaning 85% more light-gathering area. The difference is visible on planets: the Cassini Division in Saturn’s rings becomes a clearly defined dark line rather than a suggestion, and Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is identifiable as a distinct oval feature on good nights. Celestron NexStar 6SE 152mm (6-inch) aperture · 1,500mm focal length · f/10 Schmidt-Cassegrain · Single-arm GoTo mount · 40,000 object database · NexStar hand controller The NexStar 6SE has been the most popular intermediate telescope of the past decade for good reason: it combines genuine optical performance with the convenience of full GoTo automation in a compact package that one person can set up and carry solo. Once aligned (5–10 minutes), you can hunt through all 110 Messier objects in a single night without manual star-hopping. The Schmidt-Cassegrain (SCT) optical design uses a combination of mirrors and a corrector lens to fold a 1,500mm focal length into a tube only 330mm long — practical to transport in a small car. At 150×–200×, Saturn’s rings show unmistakable detail. At 200×–250×, Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is visible on nights of good atmospheric seeing. The 40,000 object database includes all planets, all Messier objects, the NGC catalogue, named double stars, and every bright object in the sky. The NexStar 6SE is also the most practical entry point for basic planetary astrophotography — connect a camera via a T-ring and T-adapter and capture images of Moon craters and planetary disks. For serious deep-sky imaging you will need a more stable equatorial mount, but for lunar and planetary photos, the 6SE delivers. $700–$1,500 — Serious Amateur Telescopes At $700–$1,500 you enter the territory of serious amateur astronomy . The defining jump here is aperture: the Celestron NexStar 8SE is an 8-inch (203mm) Schmidt-Cassegrain that increases light-gathering area by 78% over the 6SE. At 8 inches, you can consistently see the central star of the Ring Nebula, resolve the granular texture of the largest globular clusters right to their core, identify structure in the Crab Nebula (M1), and observe subtle surface colour variations on Mars during opposition years. The alternative path at this price is a large-aperture manual Dobsonian. An 8-inch or 10-inch Dobsonian offers dramatically more aperture per dollar than an 8-inch GoTo SCT — a 10-inch Dob is available for similar money to the NexStar 8SE, and a 10-inch mirror gathers 56% more light than an 8-inch. The trade-off: completely manual pointing. You star-hop using finder charts and setting circles. Many experienced observers prefer this; beginners often find it frustrating initially. If you’re upgrading from a Heritage 130P you’ve used for a year, you’ll have the star-hopping skills to make a large Dob rewarding. Celestron NexStar 8SE 203mm (8-inch) aperture · 2,032mm focal length · f/10 SCT · GoTo mount · 40,000 object database · Wedge-compatible for astrophotography The NexStar 8SE is the telescope many observers who start on a $200 Heritage 130P eventually buy after two or three years — and then keep for a decade or more. The 8-inch aperture is the practical threshold for serious deep-sky observing: with 8 inches you can routinely detect colour in bright planetary nebulae, resolve the Virgo Cluster of galaxies into a dozen distinct oval smudges, see multiple spiral arms in M51 (the Whirlpool Galaxy), and study Jupiter at 300× on nights of exceptional atmospheric steadiness. The GoTo system is identical to the 6SE — same hand controller, same alignment procedure, same 40,000 object database. The key difference is what the larger aperture reveals once you’re pointed there. The 2,032mm focal length (f/10) is also ideal for planetary astrophotography through a smartphone adapter. Sky-Watcher Classic 200P — Best manual alternative at ~$725 200mm (8-inch) aperture · 1,200mm focal length · f/6 · Rocker-box Dobsonian · Floor-standing base If GoTo automation isn’t a priority, the Sky-Watcher Classic 200P delivers the same 200mm aperture as the NexStar 8SE at a lower cost. The 8-inch (200mm) f/6 parabolic mirror on a rock-solid full-size rocker-box Dobsonian gives spectacular deep-sky views — galaxies in the Virgo Cluster, stellar nurseries, the Veil Nebula arc. No alignment procedure, no batteries required. Many experienced visual observers prefer a large manual Dob over a GoTo SCT for exactly this simplicity and aperture-per-dollar advantage. $1,500 and Above — Advanced and Premium Telescopes At $1,500+ you enter the realm of advanced amateur astronomy . Instruments in this range include large-aperture Dobsonians (10-inch to 16-inch), premium apochromatic refractors for wide-field astrophotography, dedicated imaging telescopes, and German equatorial mounts capable of carrying 20+ kg payloads for long-exposure deep-sky photography. These are serious instruments that reward serious investment in time and skill. Celestron NexStar Evolution 8 8" Schmidt-Cassegrain • WiFi GoTo • 10-h lithium battery • iOS & Android app The NexStar Evolution 8 is the gold-standard fully-motorised GoTo telescope for serious visual observers and beginning imagers. Its 8-inch SCT delivers excellent planetary detail and reaches 14th-magnitude deep-sky objects, while the built-in WiFi and Celestron SkyPortal app let you slew to 40,000+ objects with a tap. The 10-hour lithium battery means no power cables in the field. Sky-Watcher Flextube 300P — 12" Collapsible Dobsonian 12" (305 mm) Dobsonian • Collapsible Flextube • Manual push-to • f/4.9 Maximum aperture for the money. The Flextube 300P collapses to 60% of its full length for transport, yet delivers jaw-dropping views of galaxies, nebulae, and globular clusters. At 305 mm, it gathers enough light to reveal the outer arms of the Andromeda Galaxy, colour in the Orion Nebula, and fully resolve Omega Centauri. The ideal step-up for experienced observers who want the most aperture per dollar. Vaonis Vespera II Smart Telescope 50 mm APO refractor • Fully automated deep-sky imaging • App-controlled • 3 lb / 1.4 kg

A different kind of $1,500+ telescope. The Vespera II is a fully automated smart telescope — turn it on, level it, and the app star-aligns and begins stacking deep-sky images automatically. It’s not designed for visual observing; it’s a dedicated astrophotography instrument ideal for people who want beautiful images of nebulae and galaxies without learning manual astrophotography workflows. Extremely portable at 1.4 kg. 10-inch+ Dobsonians Galaxy structure, faint galaxy arms, colour in planetary nebulae, fully resolved globular clusters. Manual pointing. Rewarding for experienced observers who know the sky. APO Refractors (80–102mm) Premium apochromatic refractors ($800–$1,500 for the optical tube alone) are the gold standard for wide-field astrophotography. Zero maintenance; razor-sharp star images edge to edge. Equatorial Mounts (EQ5/EQ6-R) Often purchased separately from the optical tube, premium EQ mounts ($500–$1,500) provide the precision tracking needed for long-exposure deep-sky photography. Telescope Type vs. Price: What Each Design Costs and Why Not all telescopes at the same price are equivalent. The optical design significantly affects what you get for your money. Here’s how the four main types compare: Total Cost of Ownership — What You’ll Actually Spend The telescope price tag is only part of the picture. Here are the extras most buyers need, broken down honestly by tier. None of these are required for first-light observing, but most become desirable within the first few months: Budget Tier ($100–$300 scope) Mid Tier ($300–$700 scope) Advanced Tier ($700–$1,500 scope) Tip: The single most impactful upgrade for any telescope is a better planetary eyepiece. The eyepieces included with most telescopes are adequate but not excellent. Spending $40–$70 on a quality eyepiece will visibly improve your views of Saturn and Jupiter even on a budget scope. What Makes a Telescope More Expensive? Understanding what drives telescope pricing helps you identify where a manufacturer has invested their cost budget — and whether that investment aligns with your priorities. There are four primary cost drivers: 1. Aperture — The Dominant Factor Larger mirrors and lenses cost exponentially more to manufacture to optical precision. A 200mm (8-inch) parabolic mirror ground and polished to quarter-wave accuracy requires more material, more machining time, and more quality control than a 130mm mirror. The manufacturing cost scales approximately with the square of the diameter — a 200mm mirror costs roughly 2.4× as much to produce as a 130mm mirror of the same quality. This is why aperture-per-dollar is so much better in manual Dobsonians, which spend their budget almost entirely on the mirror rather than electronics. 2. Mount Quality and Motor Systems The mount is often where manufacturers make the most compromising budget decisions. A quality computerized GoTo system — the motors, encoders, gearboxes, hand controller, firmware, and software — costs $200–$500 to produce for a reliable instrument. This is why a $400 GoTo refractor may actually deliver worse optical views than a $250 manual Dobsonian: a large fraction of that $400 went into the computer system rather than the optics. When comparing scopes, always consider what share of the price went into the optical tube versus the mount. 3. Optical Coatings and Glass Quality Premium anti-reflection coatings dramatically improve light transmission through the optical path. A telescope with fully multi-coated optics (FMC) — where every glass surface has an anti-reflection coating — transmits significantly more light per unit of aperture than an uncoated or single-coated instrument, resulting in brighter, higher-contrast views. At the premium end, extra-low-dispersion (ED) glass elements eliminate chromatic aberration in refractors and are expensive to manufacture. Budget refractors use standard crown-and-flint glass doublets that produce blue-purple colour fringing around bright objects. 4. Build Quality: Focuser, Tube, and Hardware Premium telescopes use machined aluminium focuser mechanisms — 2-inch Crayford or rack-and-pinion designs with minimal play and smooth, consistent action. This is essential at high magnification: a poor focuser introduces tube shake every time you turn the focus knob. Budget scopes use plastic focusers or all-plastic optical tubes that flex slightly under their own weight. The thickness and material of the optical tube, the quality of the mirror cell (which determines how well the primary mirror holds its position), and the precision of the secondary mirror spider vanes all contribute to the price gap between entry-level and mid-range scopes. Buying a Used Telescope: Save 30–50% with Confidence The used telescope market is one of the best-kept secrets in hobby astronomy. Because many beginners quit the hobby within 12–18 months (often because they bought a bad first scope — see the mistakes section below), high-quality instruments appear regularly on the used market at significant discounts. A used NexStar 6SE in excellent condition can sell for 40–50% less than its new price. ✓ Good Candidates for Buying Used Large Dobsonians: No electronics to fail, mirrors rarely damaged with proper use. Check collimation (fixable) and mirror coating (look for significant deterioration under bright light). Manual refractors and reflectors: Sealed optics on refractors age well. Inspect for haze, fungus, or scratches on lenses. Name-brand GoTo scopes: Celestron and Sky-Watcher electronics are generally reliable. Test all axes of movement and GoTo accuracy before buying. ✗ What to Check Before Buying Used Mirror coatings: Old aluminium coatings oxidise and become milky or pitted. This reduces reflectivity and contrast. Look at the mirror under bright light at a flat angle. Focuser smoothness: Move it through its full range. Gritty or wobbly focuser action is a red flag. GoTo hand controller: Check that all buttons work and the database is intact. Controllers are expensive to replace. Lens fungus: Inspect lens elements with a torch. Tiny white threads inside the glass are fungus and are not removable by users. Where to find used telescopes: eBay, Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace, and astronomy club forums (Cloudy Nights Classifieds is the premier used astro-equipment forum in North America). Always insist on testing before buying in person, and ask specifically about the age and condition of the mirror coating on reflectors. 5 Expensive Mistakes New Buyers Make 1. Buying a department-store “toy” telescope The $40–$70 telescopes sold at Walmart, Target, and in generic Amazon listings almost universally disappoint. Plastic lenses produce chromatic aberration severe enough to make Saturn look like a coloured blob. The wobbly tripods vibrate with every breath of wind, making high-magnification views useless. These are not beginner telescopes — they are novelty items that create the impression that astronomy is not interesting. The Celestron AstroMaster 70AZ costs perhaps $30–$40 more and is in an entirely different class of instrument. 2. Prioritising magnification over aperture Marketing for cheap telescopes always leads with magnification: “See the moon 450× closer!” Magnification is meaningless without aperture — you are simply enlarging a blurry, dim image. The fundamental specification is aperture (diameter of the main lens or mirror), which determines light-gathering and resolution. A 70mm scope at 90× shows you more than a 50mm scope at 150×. Never buy a telescope based on its maximum magnification claim. 3. Overspending before you know what you enjoy Some buyers, excited by Hubble images, immediately invest in a $700–$900 GoTo telescope. After a few months, many discover they prefer the meditative process of manual star-hopping with a simple Dobsonian over punching buttons into a hand controller. Or they discover they live under light-polluted skies where a fast wide-field scope outperforms a narrow-field SCT. The Heritage 130P is the ideal first telescope precisely because it is cheap enough that upgrading later is not a painful financial decision. 4. Forgetting to budget for eyepieces and accessories Most telescopes include one or two basic eyepieces. The included eyepieces are functional but rarely excellent. Adding a quality wide-field 32mm eyepiece for deep-sky sweeping ($30–$50) and a sharp 7–9mm eyepiece for planets ($40–$70) transforms the experience. Add a 2× Barlow ($20–$30) and a Moon filter ($10–$15) and you have a genuinely capable eyepiece set. Budget $60–$100 for accessories alongside any telescope purchase. Our best telescope eyepieces guide covers every budget in detail. 5. Expecting astrophotography-quality views through the eyepiece Visual observations through a telescope look fundamentally different from the long-exposure astrophotographs you see in books and online. Through the eyepiece, the Orion Nebula is a faint grey-green glow with subtle structure — beautiful and real, but not the vivid pink-and-blue explosion in Hubble imagery. Planets show genuine detail but lack the saturated colour of processed images. Setting accurate expectations before your first night prevents the disappointment that causes beginners to abandon the hobby unnecessarily. Read our what planets look like through a telescope guide for honest, eyepiece-accurate descriptions. Frequently Asked Questions About Telescope Prices Continue Exploring Still comparing? Use one tighter path instead of more broad reading These pages are the quickest way to narrow a shortlist without reopening the whole decision tree. Get a Personalized Pick Best if you already know your goals but want one clear answer. Compare Beginner-Safe Models See the easiest scopes to live with on the first few nights. Browse the Full Rankings Compare the strongest all-around models across categories. ⚡ On sale now: Prime Big Deal Days telescope deals · or wait for Black Friday? 🎄 Holiday season: Telescope Christmas Gift Guide 2026 · Black Friday deal tracking Best Telescopes for Beginners 2026 12 starter scopes ranked by aperture, mount ease, and first-night results. Best Telescopes Under $200 7 vetted picks with full side-by-side comparisons and live prices. Best Telescopes Under $300 Step-up scopes where aperture meaningfully grows. Best Dobsonian Telescopes Maximum aperture per dollar — the visual observer’s choice at every budget. Best Telescopes for Viewing Planets Planetary picks by budget, aperture, and focal ratio. Best Telescope Eyepieces Budget to premium picks — upgrade your views from $20. Best Time to Buy a Telescope Seasonal sales calendar and price prediction guide. Reflector vs Refractor Telescope Which optical design is right for your goals and budget? Sky-Watcher Heritage 130P Review Full test of optics, build quality, and real-world views. What Planets Look Like Through a Telescope Honest eyepiece-accurate descriptions for every planet. Need a shortcut? Skip the theory and get a shortlist This site uses Google Analytics cookies to analyse traffic. No personal data is sold. Privacy Policy · Choosetoshop LLC Need a shortcut? Want a shortlist instead?